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初三Unit 15 A doctor for animals
Unit 15 A doctor for animals
一、本单元知识目标
1.掌握以下单词及用法：
grateful, tail, lonely, success, mostly, pig, education, countryside, treat, regard, exactly, keep, experience, painful, rock, story, grab, crash, mobile, least
2.理解以下单词：
rewarding, wag, vet, heal, injection, earthquake
3.掌握以下词组及用法：
make up one's mind, regard... as..., at all, at least
4.灵活运用以下句式进行交际：
表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty
We can find ….我们能找到……
喜好和厌恶 Like and dislikes
I like …. 我喜欢……
I really love …. 我真的喜欢……
I like to work with …. 我喜欢和……工作
Do you like being …? 你愿意成为……吗？
请求允许和应答 Asking for permission and responses
- Can I ask you some questions? 我能问您一些问题吗？
- Sure. 当然可以。
5.语法
The Infinitive 动词不定式
二、本单元课文难点讲解 第57课重点例句及相关知识的分析
1. Do you like being a doctor for animals? 您喜欢当兽医吗？
句中的being 可以用to be 的形式表示。如：
I like to be an English teacher. 我喜欢当一名英语教师。
句中a doctor for an animals 可以用an animal doctor 的形式表示。如：
He is a famous animal doctor from England. 他是来自英国的著名兽医。
2. To be a doctor for animals is very rewarding. 当兽医很值得。
句中rewarding是形容词，意思是"有报酬的；有用的；有益的"。如：
You will find this book very rewarding. 你将发现这本书是非常有益的。
3. I'd like to work with animals better.
相比人类而言我更喜欢为动物服务。
work (hard) at: 努力学习，work on：继续工作；work out：想出计算出，制订；at work (on ): (人)在工作，从事于……，忙于……，比如：
① English is so important that we must work hard at it.
② It was very late , but he was still working on without supper.
③ He has already worked out these maths problems , so he feels very happy.
4. To help animals is helping people. 帮助动物就是帮助人类。
句中helping是现在分词作定语，修饰people。
分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在意思上有主动和被动之分。现在分词一般有主动的意思，过去分词一般有被动的意思，有时表示的时间也不相同。试看两种分词的主要差别。如：
He is a promising young man. 他是一个很有培养前途的青年。
This is a pressing problem. 这是个紧急问题。
He is an interesting man. 他是个有趣的人。
He's very interested in the man. 他对那个男人非常感兴趣。
The news is exciting. 这消息很激动人心。
We were excited to hear it. 听了这事我们很激动。
第58课重点例句及相关知识的分析
1. There is a famous animal doctor from England who wrote many books about animals. 一位英国著名兽医，他写了许多关于动物方面的书。
句中from England 介词短语做定语，和who wrote many books about animals 从句做定语同时修饰doctor。
2. He grew up with a pet dog named Don. 他与被叫Don 的爱犬一起长大。
句中named 是过去分词做定语，修饰dog。
named 相当于called 或with the name，意思是"被叫做……"
The boy called John is my classmate. =
The boy named John is my classmate. =
The boy with the name John is my classmate. 叫约翰的那个男孩是我的同学。
3. He made up his mind to be a vet．他下定决心要成为一名兽医。
make up one's mind是"下定决心"的意思，其后常接不定式。one's必须和其相应的主语保持一致。如果主语为复数，mind也要用复数形式。如：
（1）I've made up my mind．我已决定了。
（2）He needs someone to make up his mind for him．他需要别人替他作决定。
（3）The students in Class 1 all made their minds to study hard．一班的全体同学都下定了决心要努力学习。
4. They regarded their pets as members of their families. 他们把宠物视为家庭成员。
句中regard … as意思是"将……视为"。如：
I regard him as my brother. 我将他当成我的兄弟。
He is regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被视为是城内最好的医生了。
5. Later in his life, James Herriot wrote a lot about his experience as a country vet in Yorkshine, England. 在赫瑞尔的晚年，他根据在英国约克郡当乡村兽医时的经验写下许多著作。
句中的as 是介词，意思是"作为，当作"。如：
I have come here as a journalist. 我是以记者身份到这里来的。
As a student, you must study hard for the people. 作为一名学生，你必须努力为人民而学习。
6. No matter how much he loved all kinds of animals, he loved dogs the best. 不管他多么喜欢各种各样的动物，他还是最喜欢狗的。
句中no matter作连词用，意思是"不管"。如：
No matter how hot it is! 不管多么热。
Don't trust him, no matter what he says or does. 他不管说什么，做什么，都不要信任他。
Don't trust him, no matter what he says. 不管他说什么，你都不要信任他。
Don't believe the rumour, no matter who repeats it. 不论是谁说的，都不要相信这谣言。
No matter where she is, I must find her. 不论她在哪儿，我都要找到她。
第60课重点例句及相关知识的分析
1. Mrs Parley said she felt as if they were in a storm at sea. 帕利太太说她觉得好象是在海上乘船遇到了风暴似的。
句中as if 相当于as though "仿佛……似",注意：当主句是一般现在时，as if从句用一般过去时；当主句是一般过去时，as if从句用表示过去的相应时态。如：
He speaks English as if he were an Englishman. 他说起英语来好像一个英国人似的。
He acted as if （as though） nothing had happened. 他表现得似乎没有发生什么事。
She loves the child as if he were here own. 她爱这孩子如同爱自己的孩子一样。
此外，as if （as though）后可以跟动词不定式。如：
She raised her hand as though （as if） to hang the picture on the wall. 她举手象要把这幅画挂在墙上。
He raised his hand as though to take off his hat. 他举起手来，像要脱帽似的。
2. She tried hard to reach the baby's room… but the house broke in two, dropping her to the first floor and leaving the baby's bed hanging in the edge of the two-story house. 他尽力地到达婴儿房间，但是房子裂成了两半，把她摔到了楼下，而婴儿的小床留在上面，搭在这座二层楼的边缘上，摇摇欲坠。
由dropping 和leaving 组成的两个-ing形式短语在句中作伴随情况状语。如：
They came into the room laughing and talking. 他们说说笑笑地走进屋来。
Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. 她拿了本词典，开始准备功课。
3. …… just as the bed crashed to the first floor ……与此同时床坠落到了一楼。
4. It is true to say a dog is man's best friend or at least Roberts best friend. 事实上说狗是人类最好的朋友，起码是罗特的最好的朋友。
* 句中it是形式主语，to say a dog动词不定式是真实主语。
句中it作先行代词用。It在句中充当形式主语或形式宾语，而将真正的和逻辑上的主语或宾语（通常用不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示）移到后面去。如：
It is very important for us to learn English. （it代替不定式to learn English做形式主语）我们学习英语是十分重要的。
It takes much time to carry out a test. （it 代替不定式to carry out a test作形式主语）进行试验是要花费许多时间的。
it 作形式宾语：在具有宾语补语的句子里，it在动词后作直接宾语的先行代词，在宾语补语后面再出现真正的直接宾语（一般以不定式短语、动名词短语表示，但也有用that引出一个宾语从句）。如：
I found it a bit difficult to work in class because I kept on thinking about, the match in the afternoon. 我发现在课堂上学习有点儿难，因为我一直在想着下午的比赛。
We think it useful to learn the computer well. 我们认为学好计算机是有用的。
* at least 意思是"至少，起码"。如：
At least I can give you ten dollars. 最少我能给你十美元。
at least 的反义词是at most 意思是"至多"。
I can pay only fifty dollars at most. 我最多只能付五十美元。
三、本单元词语辨析
1．alone和lonely
lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：
lonely用作形容词，意思是"孤单的；寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是"单独；独自"，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。
例：feel lonely（√）；a lonely traveller（√）
be alone（√）；a alone house（×）
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。
2. before long和 long before
before long 作"不久以后"讲，切不要按字面译为"长时间以前"或"好久以前"。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。
long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以前很久"，故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。
3. as, when, while
as 是连词，意思是"当……的时候，一面……一面"，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时，教师进来了。
The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。
When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when"当……的时候"（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；"那时"（等立连词，前有逗号分开）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。
while是"当……时候；和……同时"（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
四、本单元语法重点
The Infinitive （3）动词不定式（三）
用作主语
动词不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不作谓语，动词不定式具有名词的特征，因此它在句子中可以作主语。比如：
① To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学好一门外语不容易。
② To play in the street is dangerous. 在街上玩很危险。
③ To grow plants is very important. 种些植物很重要。
注意，作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代放在句子开头，动词不定式(或短语)通常放在谓语后面，但翻译时可不必将it译出来，上面几个句子还可表述为：
① It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
② It is dangerous to play in the street.
③ It is important to grow plants.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语。
It's important for us to learn a foreign language.
对我们来说学好一门外语很重要。
It's a little painful to get an injection. 注射有一点疼。
It's not interesting to work in a hospital. 在医院工作不是很有趣。
五、同步练习
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I don't know when ______(have) a picnic.
2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work ______(do).
3. It's impossible for us ______(finish) the work in such a short time.
4. teacher asked us ______(be) careful when we crossed the road.
5. Last week they went to the farm ______(help) the farmers with their work.
6. She wants ______(be) a doctor when she grows up.
7. How long does it take you ______(get) to the factory by bus?
8. My mother never lets me ______(play) football after lunch.
六、同步练习答案及讲解
1． to have（这是带有疑问词的动词不定式，在句中做宾语。）
2． to do（不定式做定语，修饰work。）
3． to finish（动词不定式做主语。）
4． to be（不定式做宾语补足语。）
5． to help（不定式做状语。）
6． to be（不定式做宾语。）
7． to get（不定式做主语。）
8． play（不定式做宾语补足语。有些动词如：let，make，feel，have，hear，see，watch等后面的动词不定式做宾语补足语时，动词不定式省掉to。）
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