Mainly revision
教学目标
Teaching Aims
全面复习第1至第7单元所出现重点词语，日常交际用语项目，重点复习有关命令和请求、语言困难、表示目的和发出通知的常用语句。复习1-7单元所出现的语法项目，时态、被动语态、直接引语和间接引语、定语从句等有关语法。
Teaching important and difficult points
1.Words
room ,offer, discover, arrive
2.Phrases
take turns, make into , a piece of , help oneself to, get angry
2．Revise（1～7words and phrases）
3.Useful expressions
Would you like...? How about some more. . . ?
Just a little, please. No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
I’m full. Thank you. Help yourself to. . .
Let me give you. . .
4．Grammar
复习1～7单元出现过的语法项目
1）各种时态
2）直接、间接引语
3）被动语态（特别是将来时）
4）目的状语
5）定语从句the Attributive Clause
教学建议
对话建议
方法一：
教师要充分利用教材上提供的用餐话语，食物名称对学生进行口语方面的训练, 把表达用餐的日常用语、词组编对话，编类似情景的对话并表演。
方法二：
教师组织学生分成几组，用竞赛形式把食物的名称用英文让学生写出来；看哪一组学生对食物名称的了解多，可写：蔬菜、肉类、水果、饮料及其他食物。
方法三：
教师准备好图片，让学生们说出自己喜欢的食物并且采取互问，比如：西红柿、豆腐、 咖啡等，增加对所学的单词的记忆。
课文建议
教师把这堂课的内容简述给学生：教师通过听磁带，阅读，问答，分组讨论，图片显示来完成本堂课的教学任务，教师在讲解此课时，特别是在谈论corn, 重点说明discovery, spreading, usage and the way of making food with it.
教材分析
本文的交际用语为用餐的表达法，如：Would you like…? How about…? Help yourself..这些词语较简单，学生能够容易运用，同时教材中列出不同的食物名称，短语，练习分别让学生们掌握和分组讨论。阅读课仅用一篇文章说明世界各地的日常食物的来源及产生的背景，如：玉米的发现，土豆、水果的种植。同时本单元是一个复习课，Lesson 31重点复习了定语从句中的先行词指人、物时，关系代词的使用。
重点难点
1．discover vt.—看出；发现（存在而尚未为人所知之物）
1)跟名词或代词：
It w as Madame Curie who discovered the element radium.是居里夫人发现了镭元素。
Columbus discovered America in 1492．哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
2)跟从句：
It was discovered that our food was running short. 我们发现粮食快完了。
We discovered that he was an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。
3)跟带连接词的不定式：
We never discovered how to open the box. 我们找不出打开盒子的方法。
4)跟复合宾语：
We discovered him to be an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。
2．discover 和invent的区分
1） 这两个及物动词虽然意义不同，但在具体使用时可能搞混。
discover意为“发现”，invent意为“发明”。
Coal was first discovered and used in China．煤是最先在中国被发现和使用的。
He has invented a new machine．他发明了一种新机器。
2）discover可跟从句作宾语，还可以带复合宾语；invent则不能。
3）discover的名词形式为discovery（发现、发现物），而invent的名词形式为invention。
Columbus’ discovery of America took place by accident．哥伦布发现美洲是偶然事件。
Watt’s invention of steam engine brought about a great change in human life．瓦特发明蒸汽机使人类生活发生了巨大变化。
3.prepare v. —预备，准备
1)跟名词或代词(可有较活译法)：
①Please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子吃晚饭。
②Mother is preparing us a meal.母亲正为我们做饭。
2)跟不定式：
①They are busy preparing to go on holiday. 他们正忙着准备休假。
3)prepare for引起的短语表示“为……做好准备”。
①We were given two days to prepare for the examination.给了我们两天时间准备考试。
②Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.[谚]存最好的希望，准备应付最坏的情况。
4. dinner与meal
dinner意为“正餐”，一般用作不可数名词，通常不与冠词连用。西方国家在星期一至星期五时，正餐一般是晚餐；在周末时，一般是午餐。dinner还可指“宴会”，通常作可数名词，如：
They were at dinner when I called.当我去拜访时，他们正在吃饭。?
The city government will give a dinner to welcome the foreigners.市政府将设宴招待这些外宾，以示欢迎。?
meal意为“一顿（餐）饭”，可指一天早、中、晚中的任何一餐，是可数名词，如：?
What time do you usually have your meals? 你通常什么时候吃三餐？
5.offer和supply的区分
从意义上来讲：
offer多表示主动提出给对方某物或主动提出做某事
supply 则多表示供给对方生活必需品
从搭配上来讲：
offer后可接：名词或代词；直接宾语和间接宾语；to do。
supply多用于下列结构：supply sth. to /for sb. ; supply sb. with sth.。但当offer表示“提供出售”之意时，它可与supply替换使用。例如：
He offered me a cup of coffee. 他给我端来一杯咖啡。
He offered to help me.他表示愿意帮助我。
Cows supply us with milk.奶牛向我们提供牛奶。
The school supplies books to/for children.学校向孩子提供书本。
The bookstore offers/supplies all kinds of books. 那家书店出售各种书籍。
6．be made of, be made from 和 be made into
1) be made of意为“由（看得见的原料）制成”。
The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头制成的。
2) be made from 意为“由（看不出的原料）制成”。
This paper is made from wood. 这种纸是由树木制成的。
3）be made into意为“（原料）被制成……”。
Wood can be made into paper and desks. 木材能被制成纸和桌子。
注：从以上例子可看出不管原料能否看得见，也就是说不管是be made of还是be made from, 均可与be made into转换。
7.room的基本用法
1)room可以用作不可数名词，意为“(未占用的或可利用的)空间；地位；余地”。例如：
①Is there room for me? 还有我的地方吗？
②It's polite for the youth to make room for the old in the bus.在公共汽车上为老人让路是有礼貌的。
③There's plenty of room for the desks. 有足够的空地方放课桌。
④There's room for three more. 还有三个人的位置。
⑤I haven't much room to move about here.我这儿没有多少活动余地。
⑥Can you make room for another?你还能腾出一个(或一件东西)的地方吗？
⑦This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out. 这张桌子占的地方太大，我们最好把它搬到外头去。
2)room可以用作可数名词，意为“房间，室；一套房间；寓所”。例如：
①How many rooms are there in this hotel? 这家饭店里有多少房间？
②This room is a very pleasant one. 这个房间很舒服。
【注意】与room常合成的词有：bathroom 洗澡间；sitting-room 起居室；dinning-room 饭厅；schoolroom教室
8.ship作为动词的用法
1)ship作为及物动词，意思是“用船运送”、“运送”，如：
①They shipped the machine from Shanghai to Tianjin last week.他们于上星期用船把那台机器从上海运到天津。
②Did he ship the goods by train or by plane?他是用火车还是用飞机运送那批货物的？
2)ship作为不及物动词，意为“上船”、“乘船”、“在船上工作”，如：
①He said good - bye to his family and shipped out for England.他向家人道别，乘船到英国去了。
②He shipped as a cook.他在船上当厨师。
9.offer的用法
作为及物动词，有以下几种意思：
1)提供，提出，如：
①The young man offered the old woman his own seat.那位年轻人把自己的座位让给那位老大娘。
2)出价，开价(常与介词for连用)，如：
①I offered him ￡10,000 for the house.我出价一万英镑向他买那座房子。
②I offered him the house for ￡10,000．我提出一万磅的价格把那座房子卖给他。
3)表示愿意做某事(常与不定式连用)，如：
①We offered to go with him. 我们表示愿意和他一道去。
另外，offer也可作为名词用，意思是“提供”，“提供的事物”，如：
①You ought to accept the offer. 你应该接受这个提议
语法重点——定语从句
1．由which引导的定语从句：（which在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语）
This is the store which opens all night.
This is the pen which my brother bought for me.
Is this the house in which Lu Xun once lived?
(or: Is this the house which Lu Xun once lived in?)
This is the magazine which you are looking for.
Notes: which, whom在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词一般可置于关系代词之前或放在从句原来的位置。但在含有介词的动词固定短语中介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在which之前，如例4则不能改为
This is the magazine for which you are looking.
2．由that引导的定语从句：
在定语从句中that可以指人或物，代替who，whom，which；在从句中可以作主语、宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语。
This is the photo that (which) I took in Beijing last year.
This is the man that/who lives next door.
Is this the professor that you talked about yesterday? (about不能放在that前面)
但下列情况只能用that。
l）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时用that。
This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.
The first English song that I learned was the ABC song.
2）all ,much, everything, nothing, something, anything作先行词时用that。（但先行词是everybody，everyone时因应用who，one指人时也用who）
Everything that we saw at the exhibition greatly interested us.
Is there anything that belongs to you?
All that we need is more time.
Nothing that parents do doesn’t influence their children.
3）先行词为any，no，only，every等修饰时用that。
That is the only way that we can find at present.
This is the very museum that we visited for the first time.
4) that可以用来引导限制性定语从句，当它在从句中作介宾时，介词应后移。
This is the good student that the teachers talked about just now.
5）先行词为既指人又指物的并列名词时，用that．
My mother and her old friends talked of the things and persons that they remembered in the school.
定语从句练习
I．用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. Yesterday I met Doctor Wang, ____ told me the good news of his son's passing the examination.
2. The two pupils ____ you taught three yeas ago have become teachers.
3. He began to work in Beijing in the year ____ New China was founded.
4. I don’t know the reason ____ she didn't agree to our plan.
5. This is Carry ____ son died in the War of Resistance Against Japan.
6. He told us everything ____ he had seen in the traffic accident.
7. This was the best model of the TV set ____ the factory produced last year..
8. They have visited the Museum of Chinese History ____ Premier Zhou’s life and deeds are being shown.
9. Alice, ____ dress is all red, looks very pretty.
10. The first thing ____ I am going to do this evening is to write a report about the experiment.
II．用关系代词which或as填空
1. He is an American, ____ I know from his accent.
2. She was not discouraged, ____ can be seen from her eyes.
3. The sun heats the earth, ____ makes it possible for plants to grow.
4. ____ was usual with him, the old man went out for a walk after supper.
5. It was raining, ____ was a pity.
6. He said he had been to America, ____ is untrue.
7. ____ is well known, China is in Asia.
8. Edison was one of the greatest scientist, ____ is well-known.
9. He must be from Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin.
10. Air, ____ we breathe every day, is a mixture of gases.
教学设计方案Lesson 29
Teaching Aims
1. To train the students’ ability of listening and improve their spoken English.
2. To learn how to make an offer of food.
3. To learn how to use the following useful words and expressions: offer a piece of help oneself to.
4. To get the Ss to know some table manners.
Teaching procedures
Step I Presentation
1.T: We are going to learn some table manners and new words. (Write these on the blackboard).
2. Competition: Write these columns on the Bb.
The Ss work in groups. They have to write down the names of as many items of food as they can think of in English. See which group can write down the most items for each category.
3. Teach the names of food, using some pictures on the projector or the real things. Then ask the Ss what kind of food they like to eat most.
Step 3 Listening
Tell the Ss that we are going to learn a dialogue. In the dialogue Jim and Bob are at Li Jia’s house for dinner.
1. Get the Ss to listen to the tape.
2. After listening, ask the Ss to answer the questions.
3. Get the Ss to listen to the tape again. This time listen and repeat.
Step 4 Reading
Ask the Ss to see how Li Jia offers food to the guests.
T: Please listen to the tape carefully with your books closed. After that, you are to answer some questions.
1) How many kinds of food do the friends talk about in the dialogue? (five)
2) What are they? (beancurd, beef, chicken, pancake, soup)
Step 5 Language study
T allow the Ss enough time to discuss the difficult phrases or sentences. After that, ask some Ss to explain them. If they have any problems, the T explains them.
1) Do you like. . . ? (in general)
Would you like. .. ? (It’s more polite than “Do you want. . .now?”)
2) How about some more beef? (There is no main verb here. This is acceptable in speech, but not usually in written English. )
3) There’ s plenty more. = There’s plenty more beef.
4) Next time you must come to us. = We will invite you to have supper at our house next time.
5) Help yourself to. . . == Please take. . .for yourself.
6) another piece of = one more piece of
Step 6 Practice
1. Get the Ss to read the dialogue in pairs. Then ask some Ss to read it.
2. Do Talking and Oral Practice on Page 29.
3. Watch the video - taped performance of the dialogue.
Step 7 Summary and further practice
1. Summary
Go over the useful words and expressions and ask some Ss to make up sentences.
2. Communicative activities
Allow the Ss enough time to make a similar dialogue using the expressions and structures.
3. Ask one or two pairs to act their dialogues out.
Step 8 Homework
Ask the Ss to finish the exercises on Page 92.
教学设计方案Lesson 30
Teaching aims
1.To train the ability of skimming the text to find the general idea and scanning the text to locate the information quickly.
2. To learn how to use the following words and expressions:
room ,discover, arrive, make into
3. To review the Attributive Clauses.
4. To let the Ss know some farm products.
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework in the workbook first.
2. Revise some new words suiting the pictures.
Step2 Presentation
1. Ask the Ss the following questions
1) What’s your favorite food?
2) What food do people like in Shanghai/Sichuan/Tibet/the USA, etc. ?
3) Do you like corn?
Step3.Listening
T play the tape to the Ss, then try to ask them the below.
1) When was corn first brought to China?
2) Can you name some of the plants that were found in America?
Answers: 1)Corn was first brought to China about 450 years ago. 2) For example, beans, potatoes and other different fruits.
Step 4 Reading
T will give the Ss a few minutes to read it, then say something about the useful plant corn.
2) Ask the Ss to skim the text to find the general idea.
Answers:
The passage talks about the food in the world. It tells us how corn, tomatoes and other plants were discovered. It mainly tells us how corn was discovered and taken to the other parts of the world and the my of making corn food.
Step 4. Language study
Get the SB to look through the text and explain some language points and difficult sentences, if necessary the T can explain them again.
1) There was not enough room.
2) discovered the tomato
3) an open fire = a fire that bums in the open air
4) got angry = become angry
Step 5Workbook
Get the Ss to do Ex.2 &3 on Page 31 and Ex. 1 &2 on Page 94.
Step 6 Summary and further discussion
1. Retell the text.
2. Discussion:
1) Do you think the agriculture is important?
2) How can you make contributions to the agriculture?
3) What have you learnt from the text?
Step 7 Homework
1. Finish off the exercises in the Wb on Page 93 & 94.
2. Read the text aloud and recite the third paragraph of the text.
探究活动
1.play a role: What’s the favorite food? 教师拿出图片给学生看,组织学生两个人一组编写对话，说出自己喜欢的食物，教师与其他学生进行评定。
2.Discussion
教师给学生话题，How to be polite if you are invited to a dinner? 学生可分成几组进行，讨论完之后，教师进行总结，然后告诉学生更多有关餐桌礼节的有关知识。
T: There are some differences in table manners between the western countries and China. If an American or Englishman invites you to dinner, you’d better arrive on time. You can arrive a few minutes late but you can’t arrive early. While eating, you’ d better put your table napkin on your knees not around your neck if there is any. In China, we usually serve dishes first and then soup, while in the West, people prefer to serve soup before dishes. In China, hosts are always toasting wine and picking up food for their guests again and again but in the west especially in America, hosts only offer food once. If you want to have more, just help yourself to it. Don’t pretend to be refined. The host won’t offer a second time. Hosts like their guests to help themselves. If you don’t know the taste of a dish, you can taste a little. You mustn’t refuse what your host offers you. If you don’t like it indeed, you can honestly say; Sorry. I’m not used to that. Thank you. But you must eat up all the food put in your plate, finish all the wine put in your glass. Don’t make any noises while eating. Don’t put your plate close to your mouth or put you mouth into the plate. You should help your host/ hostess to set the table before the dinner. After the meal you ought to offer your host the help to clear the table.
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