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“When”作连词时的用法及译法大盘点
“When”作连词时的用法及译法大盘点作者/袁凤兰
对英语学习者来说，when是一个常见的单词，所以一看到when就会脱口而出“当……时候”.这种翻译有时会闹出笑话甚至与其本意“南辕北辙”.因此，熟练掌握when作连词时的几种用法尤为重要。笔者结合自己的教学经历对when的用法及译法做如下盘点：
一、When作从属连词，引导状语从句
1.when 译为“当……时候”
这是when 最基本的用法，引导时间状语从句。
1）从句可放句首或句末。放句首时，从句后面用逗号；放句末时，不用逗号。
【典例】The whole world were very anxious when the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 was reported.当马航失联客机MH370被报道时，世人都很着急。
When he was yet a child, he was fond of swimming.当他还是个孩子的时候，就喜欢游泳。
It was March 22,2014 Michelle Obama delivered a speech at Peking University.
A.that B.when C.since D.before
解析 此题考查when 的用法“当……时候”.句意为：“米歇尔·奥巴马于2014年3月22日在北京大学演讲。”
【高考链接】 （2013年安徽卷） It's much easier to make friends you have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
解析 此题考查状语从句的连接词。when 表时间。句意为：“当你们有相似的兴趣时，你们会更容易成为朋友。”所以答案是B.
2）when既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。
【典例】When I came here, I saw Mary reading English.当我到这儿时，我看到玛丽在读英语。
Many people were killed or injured when the police arrived at the Kunming railway station at night on March 1,2014. 2014年3月1日晚，当警察到达昆明火车站时，已有许多伤亡。
3）从句中常用一般现在时替代一般将来时，用一般过去时替代过去将来时。
【典例】I will tell him the news when he comes here tomorrow.明天他来时，我将告诉他这则消息。
They would be excited when they knew their grades.当他们知道他们的成绩时，他们会很激动的。
2.when 译为“一/刚……就”
1）when 相当于as soon as /immediately/instantly/directly等词的意思，引导时间状语从句。
【典例】We will start when the monitor comes. 班长一来，我们就出发。
2） when用于固定结构“hardly/scarcely…when…”.
此时when 可换作before. 注意：当把hardly/scarcely放句首时，句子需部分倒装。
【典例】I had hardly arrived home last night when it began to rain.
Hardly had I arrived home last night when it began to rain.昨晚我一到家，天就下雨了。
【高考链接】
（2010年福建卷）The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A.before B.until C.as D.since
解析 本题考查固定句型hardly…when/before…， (www.fwsir.com)意为“一……就”.句意为：“这个女孩刚一按门铃，门就开了，她的朋友冲出来迎接她。”答案选A.
（2012年全国卷）I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A.when B.than C.until D.after
解析 考查固定结构。句意为：“我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。”本句是“hardly…when…”结构，表示“刚……就……”,故答案选A.
3.when 译为“如果……”
when相当于if,引导条件状语从句。
【典例】Turn off the light when nobody is in the classroom.如果教室没人了，把灯关上。
Smog will be distant from us when everyone fights against pollution.
如果人人都与污染作斗争，雾霾就会远离我们。
4.when译为“虽然，尽管”
when引导让步状语从句，相当于though/although/as.
【典例】He usually walks when he might ride.虽然可以坐车，他通常总是步行。
5.when译为“既然，考虑到”
when引导原因状语从句，此时相当于since“既然”.
【典例】How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 既然你从来都不听，你怎能期望有所收获呢？
Why use metal when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料，为什么要用金属呢？
How could you , when you know that it's impolite to stare at others for a long time?
既然你知道长时间盯着别人看是不礼貌的，那你怎么还这样做呢？
【典例】—It cost me 30 yuan to come here.
—Well, it was crazy of you to take a taxi you would come by bus as well.
A.when B.while C.unless D.because
解析 此题考查状语从句连接词。when在句中引导原因状语认句，相当于since/considering that.句意为：“既然可以坐汽车，你乘出租车来这儿，真是疯了。”
6.when译为“然后”
【典例】I stayed till noon, when I went home.我呆到中午，然后就回家了。
二、when 作并列连词，引导并列分句
when译为“突然……或这时……”.可用在四种句式中，表示一个动作“正在发生”、“即将发生”、“刚刚完成”突然插入另一个动作。when 相当于 and just time 或and just at that time.此用法也是高考的高频考点。
1.was/were doing…when…正在做……这时/突然……
【典例】I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
我正沿着河边走，突然听到一个溺水儿童的呼救。
【高考链接】
（2011年浙江卷）One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.
A.after B.while C.since D.when
解析 此题考查连词辨析。句意为：“我们正在收拾行李准备外出过周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。”be doing…when…表示“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”,故选D.
2.be about to do/be on the point of doing…when…正要做…… 这时/突然……
【典例】I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。
She was on the point of leaving when I arrived.她正要离开，这时我来了。
3.had （just） done…when…刚刚做……就……
【典例】We had just planted 100 trees when it began to rain.
我们刚刚栽完100棵树，天就开始下雨了。
【高考链接】
（2009年福建卷）She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A.when B.while C.after D.since
解析 此题考查句型had （just） done…when…when用作并列连词相当于and at that time.句意为：“昨天她刚做完作业，这时，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。”所以答案是A.
三、when作从属连词，引导名词性从句
when引导名词性从句，在从句中作时间状语，意为“什么时候”.从句常包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。此时注意：从句要用陈述语气。
【典例】When we will go to Beijing hasn't been decided.我们什么时候去北京，还没有确定。
Please remind me when he said he was going, I may be in time to see him off.
提醒我他什么时候走，我好及时给他送行。
My question is when we will start.我的问题是，我们何时出发。
Tom put forward the question at the meeting when the plan can be carried out.
汤姆在会上提出问题：何时可以实施这个计划。
【高考链接】
（2009年安徽卷）A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.
A.how B.whom C.when D.which
解析 此题考查when引导的宾语从句。句中“when I was born”作介词from的宾语，修饰限定前面的a good friend of mine.句意为：“在我动身去北京之前，儿时的一个好友来到了我家。”答案选C.
以上是笔者对when作连词时的用法总结，希望对英语学习者有所帮助。
英语幽默小故事
A Gentle Reminder
Having been married a long time, my husband sometimes needs a gentle reminder of a special occasion. On the morning of our 35th anniversary, we were sitting at the breakfast table when I hinted, “Honey, do you realize that we've been sitting in these same two seats for exactly 35 years?”
Putting down the newspaper, he looked straight at me and said, “So, you want to switch seats?”
委婉提醒
婚后已久，我丈夫往往在一个特别事情上需要委婉的提醒。在我们结婚35周年纪念的早上，我们正坐在早餐桌旁，我暗示道：“亲爱的，你意识到我们在这两个相同的座位上已坐了整整35年了吗？”
他放下报纸，眼睛直直地望着我：“因此，你想交换座位吗？”
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