北京故宫导游词(热门)
作为一名专门为游客提供帮助的导游，就不得不需要编写导游词，导游词的主要特点是口语化，此外还具有知识性、文学性、礼节性等特点。优秀的导游词都具备一些什么特点呢？以下是小编为大家整理的北京故宫导游词，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
北京故宫导游词1
大家好！欢迎你们来到故宫游览观光！我是你们今天的导游，大家可以叫我“小何”，希望大家能够通过我的带领，在故宫玩得尽兴、开心。路上有什么问题可以随时跟我沟通。
故宫是明清两朝的皇宫，始建于永乐四年(1406年)，落成于永乐十八年，到现在已经有600多年历史了，曾经有24个皇帝在此居住过。故宫东西宽753米，南北长961米，总面积72万平方米，内有宫室9999间半，是中国保存最好的皇宫。今天我们要参观的是天安门，午门和太和殿。
首先，我们要参观的是天安门。天安门原名承天门，1651年改名为天安门。天安门旁的花花草草和金黄的屋顶，鲜红的柱子，形成了鲜明的对比。天安门上的灯笼，在照耀着中华民族的前进之路。屋顶上的龙，瞪着水汪汪的大眼睛，锋利的爪子紧紧地抓住圆珠，仰天长啸，好像在怒吼着吓走敌人。大家可以到天安门上去，站在高台上鸟瞰，北京的风貌将有大半收在眼底，鸟巢和水立方在远处若隐若现。大家可以尽情拍照留念，同时也要注意安全。
从天安门上下来，向东出发，就来到了著名的午门。午门是故宫的正门，每当皇帝迎接凯旋的将士时，都是在这里举行的仪式。午门被分成为三层，上面刻画着凤凰，象征着高雅，刻画的凤凰，有的展翅飞翔，有的卷起尾巴，舒服的休息着，还有的朝天仰望，好像在一展歌喉。午门充分展现了古代劳动人民的细致工艺和美好憧憬，我们不能破坏这件珍贵的文物。
走出午门就来到了今天的'最后一站一一太和殿。太和殿是我国最大的木结构建筑。走进大殿，只见两根巨大的红柱出现在眼前，柱子上有九条龙，它们们互相缠绕，象征着团结合作。背景是五彩的碧空，像一根根彩带，随风舞动。走出大殿，一排排白桥立在前边。桥上的每个柱头都有白色的小狮子，他们形态各异，姿态不一，没有哪两只是相同的。正所谓：“金水桥白宁秀寿，九龙壁彩御花芬。”
好啦，今天的游览到此结束！谢谢各位的支持，再见！
北京故宫导游词2
大家好，我是山水旅游公司的导游小吕，你们也可以叫我吕导，因为故宫很大，所以大家一定要跟紧了千万别掉队，不然就会迷路了哦!
现存，我来介绍故宫，故宫是在1987年被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会列为世界文化遗产。故宫是世界上现存规模最大最完整的古代木结构建筑群。在故宫实景拍摄的'获奥斯卡奖的电影《末代皇帝》，就是取材于清未历史。
大家往这边走，看，这就是著名的午门了，它是故宫的正门，位于故宫的南北轴线，来，大家看这里的介绍牌，可以更加了解午门。 好了，现存我们来到的是太和殿，它高35.05米，面积是2377平方米。太和殿是明清二两皇帝举行大典的场所。皇帝的登基大典都在这里举办。
各位游客请往这边走，这就是养心殿，它建于明嘉靖十六年，是皇帝读书、学习及居住为一体的多功能建筑哦!游客朋友们，现在是自由活动时间，两小时后在午门集中，自由活动的时候不要乱扔垃圾哦!不然会破坏这里的环境。好了，解散。
北京故宫导游词3
亲爱的游客们，我是你们的导游，我姓张，可以叫我小张，也可以叫我张导。请不要在墙上、古代物品上刻画，也不要乱扔垃圾哦!故宫位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。它是明代和清代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的.古代建筑群，被誉为五大宫之首。故宫开始建造于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元1406年至1420年。你们看!故宫的四个漂亮的大门，我来告诉你它们的名字吧!正门名为午门，俗称五凤楼。午门一般只有皇帝才可以出入呢!状元、榜眼和探花的人只可以从此门出入一次。后门“神武门”，明朝为“玄武门”，因为玄武是古代四神兽之一。
清代康熙年间因避讳改为“神武门”。“东华门”与“西华门”是个“对门”门外设有下马碑石，门内金水河南北流向，上架石桥一座，桥北还有三座门。快点儿，快点儿，快点儿去太和门吧!太和门里有三座大殿，分别是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，你们自己去看看吧!二十分钟之后记得回来找我哦!看!那儿是内廷，内廷就是皇帝、皇后和妃子们生活的地方。快去看看吧!因为内廷比较长，所以拿着你们手中的地图，三十分钟后我们在御花园里碰面哦!御花园里鸟语花香，草木茂盛。各位家长注意孩子的安全，不要让他们爬假山。还有不要折鲜花和小草哦!哦，我们到出口了。好了，我们这次的故宫游玩到此结束了。如果下次还想来北京故宫要记得找我哦!在回家的路上要注意安全哦!
北京故宫导游词4
游客们：
大家好！
我是你们本次故宫游览的导游：xxx。
大家如果有不懂的问题，请尽管问。
在旅游前，请允许我提出几个进故宫应该注意的'事项“
一、请不要抽烟。
二、请不要乱丢垃圾。
三、请不要随意离开队伍，以免掉队。
好，现在就开始游故宫吧!
我先介绍一下故宫：故宫旧称“紫禁城”，始建于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元一四零六年到一四二零年。
是明清两代的皇宫，封建皇朝的统治中心。
紫禁城周长3400余米，城墙高10米，城墙下宽8.6米，上宽6.66米。
大家走过护城河，就可以看到前朝的宫殿。
前朝的宫殿以太和殿、中和殿、保和殿为中心。
三大殿之后为内廷，有乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫以及东西六宫。
乾清宫是皇帝的寝宫，其后的坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫。
这三宫总称“后三宫”。
我们可以在这儿多拍些照片，作为纪念。
现在我们来到了故宫后面的御花园里。
这里楼台亭阁，翠绿苍松，点缀着奇花异石，趣味盎然。
远远望去，一重重黄色的琉璃瓦，一道道深红色的围墙，加上汉白玉栏杆和梁柱装饰，令人感到故宫规模宏伟，气象万千。
朋友们，本次游览快要结束了，故宫欢迎大家下次光临!
北京故宫导游词5
大家好！
欢迎大家来到北京。北京有许多名胜古迹，这天我带领大家参观的是著名的故宫。我是大家的导游，我姓胡，大家能够叫我胡导，但大家请放心，我决不会给大家“胡导”的。这位是我们的司机师傅，也姓胡。所以，本次参观就由我们“二胡”组合来为大家服务。
我们此刻正在去故宫的路上，借着这点时间，我先给大家介绍一下故宫。此时故宫是我国现存最大最完整的皇宫，在世界上堪称最为壮丽的古代建筑群，已有近600年的历史。故宫是我国明、清两代24个皇帝的.皇宫。故宫的建筑布局分为外朝和内廷。外朝是皇帝举行大典和召见大臣的主要场所，内廷是皇帝处理日常政务和后妃及幼年皇子居住游玩的地方。故宫共有宫殿9000多间，雕梁画柱，金碧辉煌，十分华丽威严。
好，此刻我们已经到达停车场，请大家跟随我进入故宫。在进门之前，我要提醒大家：应对我们祖先留下的这些珍贵文物时，要格外珍惜，不要损坏。
最后，祝大家本次参观玩的开心。
北京故宫导游词6
各位游客：
大家好，欢迎来到故宫参观，我姓陈，您们叫我陈导就行了。我先给大家介绍一下故宫的概况，之后介绍太和殿、中和殿、保和殿、乾清宫、和。故宫，又名紫禁城，是我国重要的历史爱护文物，1987年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化遗产”名录。
紫禁城的由来有两种说法，第一种是依照中国古代星象学说：北极星在中天，故宫正好对着北极星，天人对应；其次种是：由于故宫是紫色的，又是禁城，所以故宫又称紫禁城。明代第三位皇帝朱棣开头营造这座宫殿，到明永乐十八年（1420年）落成。
在之后五百多年里，共有24位皇帝在那里生活居住。紫禁城四周有高10m的城墙和宽52m的护城河。城南北长961m，东西宽753m，占地面积达72万。
故宫建筑布局沿中轴线向两侧绽开，宫殿建筑总面积达163，000。太和殿是皇上召集大臣上朝和协商国家大事的地方。自1420年建成后屡遭焚毁，又多次重建，这天看到的是清代康熙三十四年（1695年）重建的。太和殿建筑面积2377，相当于50个教室，高35.05m，相当于10层楼那么高，为紫禁城内规模最大的.殿宇。
太和殿装饰非常豪华，殿内金砖铺地，设有宝座。说是金砖，但是金砖不是用金子做的，金砖是专供宫殿使用的一种高质量的铺地方砖，产自苏州、松江等地，选料精良，制作工艺简单。因其质地坚细，敲起来发出金属般声音，故名金砖。太和殿前有宽敞的平台，称为丹陛，俗称月台。月台上陈设日晷、嘉量各一，铜龟、铜鹤各一对，铜鼎18座。大家往太和殿两侧看，是不是有许多个大水缸？它是干什么的呢，对了，是灭火的。大水缸的下面有一个凹槽，是由于冬天水会结冰，往凹槽里放火把就能不让水结冰。
太和殿是故宫里最总要重要的宫殿，很多历史决策都是从那里出去的。太和殿后是中和殿，是皇上上朝前休息的地方。保和殿位于中和殿后，是殿试的地方。考试的第一名叫状元，其次名称为磅眼，第三名是探花。不知皇帝端坐在上上面，考生是不是会紧急的颤抖。皇帝把殿试支配在宫殿内，可见皇帝是多莫重视殿试。
故宫后半部分是皇帝和妃子们生活和居住的地方。乾清宫是后宫最大的宫殿，是皇上的寝宫。宫内宝座上方悬“正大光明”匾，据传皇帝把自己立的太子名字放在“正大光明”匾后，用这种方法确定皇位继承人，削减为争夺皇位自相惨杀。
坤宁宫是皇后的寝宫，它是唯一一座在中轴线上的妃子的寝宫，也是距离乾清宫最近的，体现了皇后在后宫中至高无上的地位，“一个胜利男人的背后总有一个胜利的女人”这句话在那里得到了印证。在坤宁宫前有个小的宫殿交泰殿，它是皇后在千秋节日收贺礼的地方。我们参观的只是中轴线上的重要宫殿，中轴线的后面是御花园，两旁还有一些宫殿，前半部分是以太和殿为中心，后半部分是一些妃子和宫女的寝宫。此刻解说完毕，请大家自由参观。
北京故宫导游词7
故宫太和殿位于北京故宫博物院，民间俗称"金銮殿”，是故宫外廷三大殿中最大的一座，也是故宫中最高大的建筑太和殿是中国现存最大的木结构大殿。明清两朝24个皇帝都在太和殿举行盛大典礼，如皇帝登极即位、皇帝大婚、册立皇后、命将出征，此外每年万寿节、元旦、冬至三大节，皇帝在此接受文武官员的朝贺，并向王公大臣赐宴。
太和殿有着悠久的历史，是典型的古典建筑，于明永乐十八年（1420年）建成，现所见为清代康熙三十四年(1695年)重建后的形制。
太和殿外部结构既威严雄壮，又坚固耐用。太和殿面阔11间, 进深5间，殿高35. 05米，面积2377平方米，共55间，72根大柱,建筑面积2377.00㎡，高26.92m，连同台基通高35.05m，为紫禁城内规模最大的殿宇。
太和殿檐角安放骑凤仙人、鸱（吃）吻、狮子、天马等10个走兽，数量之多为现存古建筑中所仅见，显示了其至高无上的重要地位。在中国古建筑的岔脊上都装饰有一些小兽, 这些小兽数量及排列有着严格规定，在其它古建筑上（中和殿、保和殿、天安门等）最多使用九个走兽，其它殿上的小兽按级递减。古人把建筑装饰上这些走兽，使古建筑更加雄伟壮观，富丽堂皇，充满艺术魅力。同时象征着消灾灭祸，逢凶化吉，还含有剪除邪恶、主持公道之意。
太和殿前有宽阔的平台，称为丹陛，俗称月台。月台上陈设日晷、嘉量各一，铜龟、铜鹤各一对，铜鼎18座。龟、鹤为长寿的象征。日晷是古代的计时器，嘉量是古代的标准量器，二者都是皇权的象征。殿下为高8.13m的三层汉白玉石雕基座，周围环以栏杆。栏杆下安有排水用的石雕龙头，每逢雨季，可呈现千龙吐水的奇观。
太和殿的内部装饰也十分豪华。檐下施以密集的斗栱，室内外梁枋上饰以级别最高的和玺彩画。门窗上部嵌成菱花格纹，下部浮雕云龙图案，接榫处安有镌刻龙纹的鎏金铜叶。殿内金砖铺地（因而又名金銮殿）(金砖是因其打造时所需的钱很多，因而得名)。太和殿内地面共铺二尺见方的大金砖四千七百一十八块。太和殿共有七十二根大柱支撑其全部重量，其中顶梁大柱最粗最高，直径为一米零六，高为十二米七零。太和殿匾额“建极绥猷”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔。
关于皇帝上朝的地点，其实不在太和殿，纵观明清，皇帝一般都是在太和门、乾清门上朝，称御门听政，而当有比较紧急或重要的事情时，皇帝则在乾清宫召见大臣，晚清时期慈禧太后垂帘听政，上朝的地点也因此变为养心殿。
太和殿是紫禁城内体量最大、等级最高的建筑物，建筑规制之高，装饰手法之精，堪列中国古代建筑之首。
太和殿是“东方三大殿”之一，中国现存最大的木结构大殿，俗称“金銮殿”。位于北京紫禁城南北主轴线的显要位置，明永乐十八年(1420年)建成，称奉天殿。明嘉靖四十一年(1562年)改称皇极殿，清顺治二年(1645年)改今名。建成后屡遭焚毁，多次重建，今殿为清康熙三十四年(1695年)重建后的形制。
太和殿是整个宫城的建筑主体和核心空间，上承重檐庑殿顶，下坐3层汉白玉台基，采用金龙和玺彩画，屋顶仙人走兽达11件，开间11间，均采用最高形制。为中国现存最大的－木构架建筑之一，殿前设有广场，可容纳上万人朝拜庆贺，整个宫殿气势恢宏。太和殿匾额“建极绥猷”匾，为乾隆皇帝御笔，现存的牌匾为复制品。
1416年(永乐十四年)，明成祖颁诏迁都北京，下令仿照南京皇宫营建北京宫殿。1420年(永乐十八年)，北京宫殿竣工。次年发生大火，前三殿被焚毁。
1440年(正统五年)，重建前三殿及乾清宫。1459年(天顺三年)，营建西苑。1557年(嘉靖三十六年)，紫禁城大火，前三殿、奉天门、文武楼、午门全部被焚毁，至1561年才全部重建完工。
1597年(万历二十五年)，紫禁城大火，焚毁前三殿、后三宫。复建工程直至1627年(天启七年)完工。
1644年(崇祯十七年)，李自成攻陷北京，明朝灭亡。李自成向陕西撤退前焚毁紫禁城，仅武英殿，建极殿，英华殿，南薰殿，四周角楼和皇极门未焚，其余建筑全部被毁。同年清顺治帝至北京。此后历时14年，将中路建筑基本修复。1683年(康熙二十二年)，开始重建紫禁城其余被毁部分建筑，至康熙三十四年基本完工。1735年(雍正十三年)，清高宗(乾隆帝)即位，此后六十年间对紫禁城进行大规模增建和改建。
1813年(嘉庆十八年)，天理教教徒林清率起义军攻打紫禁城。1900年，八国联军攻陷北京。1911年，武昌起义爆发，清帝退位。但按照与民国签订的优抚条件，仍然居住于紫禁城内。1923年，建福宫发生火灾。
太和殿历经岁月的打磨，渐渐残破不堪，有些构件已经腐烂，起不到支撑大殿的.作用，并且梁上的彩画也褪色严重，因此从20xx年开始“封闭式”大修。经过2年的大修，直到20xx年7月中旬，太和殿重新出现在游客的眼中。大修后的太和殿金碧辉煌，美轮美奂。
现在很多人认为太和殿平时是用于上朝的，其实不是。
太和殿其实是用来举行各种典礼的场所，实际使用次数很少，明清皇帝上朝的地方主要在太和门、乾清门、乾清宫、还有养心殿的，并不是平时所说的太和殿。明清两朝24个皇帝都在太和殿举行盛大典礼，如皇帝登极即位、皇帝大婚、册立皇后、命将出征，此外每年万寿节、元旦、冬至三大节，皇帝在此接受文武-的朝贺，并向王公大臣赐宴。清初，还曾在太和殿举行新进士的殿试，乾隆五十四年(1789年)开始，改在保和殿举行，“传胪”仍在太和殿举行。关于皇帝上朝的地点，其实不在太和殿，纵观明清，皇帝一般都是在太和门、乾清门上朝，称御门听政，而当有比较紧急或重要的事情时，皇帝则在乾清宫召见大臣，晚清时期慈禧太后垂帘听政，上朝的地点也因此变为养心殿。
太和殿是紫禁城内，体量最大、等级最高的建筑物。它面阔十一间,进深五间，建筑面积2377平方米，高26.92米，连同台基通高35.05米，为紫禁城内规模最大的殿宇。殿前有宽阔的平台，称为丹陛，俗称月台。月台上陈设日晷、嘉量各一，铜龟、铜鹤各一对，铜鼎18座。龟、鹤为长寿的象征。日晷是古代的计时器，嘉量是古代的标准量器，二者都是皇权的象征。
北京故宫导游词8
各位游客：
大家好！
我是东厦旅行社的导游，我姓余，大家叫我余导游就行了。今天，我们要去列入世界遗产的一座宫殿――北京故宫。
北京故宫始建于1406年，建成于1420年，是明清两朝的皇宫，又名紫禁城。故宫占地面积72万平方米，建筑面积15万平方米，屋子有9999间半。故宫四周饶10米高的城墙，外有50多米宽的护河城。
现在，我们已经来到了北京故宫门前。各位游客们，你们看，这座故宫的四个城角上都有一座九梁十八柱七十二条脊的'角楼。现在我们已经进入了外朝皇帝处理政事的地方。它们主要有三大殿：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。
现在，我们已经来到了太和殿，它是三大殿中最为高大的，它金碧辉煌，非常好看。看，这个台基四周矗立成排的雕栏，称为望柱，柱子上雕刻着云龙云凤的图画。非常显目且好看。我们出出进进都有四个门：南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。其中午门为正门。
好了，北京故宫我们已经游览完了，现在是自由活动时间，大家可以解散，但要注意以下几点：一是不破坏文物，在墙上乱图乱画；二是不准破坏环境及随地吐痰；三是要注意安全，迷路了要即使打电话和我们联系。
下午四点要在午门集合，现在解散。
北京故宫导游词9
各位游客：
欢迎您来到北京故宫博物院！这里是明朝和清朝的皇帝是我国风景名胜、也是我国重点的保护文物单位，下面就让我来带你们了解一下故宫的历史和风景。
故宫是明朝第三位皇帝明成祖朱棣建造的。至今已有接近六百年的历史了。故宫是世界上保存最完整的古代皇家宫殿建筑群。传说故宫的房屋有九千九百九十九间半，是天子屋住的地方。
故宫的`建筑风格是中国传统建筑群。传说故宫风格，以黄色和红色为主色调，故宫最大的殿叫太和殿，是皇帝办公的地方。此外，还有很多寝宫还有花园。
由于故宫的建筑和建筑里面的物品，都是十分珍贵的历史的文物，因此我们在参观的时候，一定要保护好文物。
第一、不要触摸墙壁和物品；
第二、不要攀爬墙壁和栏杆；
第三、不要乱涂乱画；
第四、不要乱丢空瓶子、果皮、垃圾袋等垃圾；
第五、严禁吸烟，以防止火灾；
第六、小孩不要在故宫里随地大小便；
第七、不要摘花、踩踏草坪。
保护文物是我们每个公民应尽的职责，故宫非常雄伟，非常美丽，祝大家在故宫博物院里玩得开心，玩得快乐，谢谢大家！
北京故宫导游词10
来自世界各地的游客们，你们好！欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自xx的x导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。
中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的14xx年至14xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变成富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的'最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。
我们说完了北京故宫的历史，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧！
这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门，四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的墙有10米多高呢！还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧！长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。
听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧！可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条！文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。
前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8。5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。19xx年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
怎么样，对我x导游的介绍还满意吗？如果不满意，请多多指教，好让我步步高升啊！
北京故宫导游词11
嗨!大家好，我姓李，你们就叫我李导吧!如果你喜欢故宫，你就跟我来吧!
故宫一共有四个门，正门名叫：午门、东门名叫东华门、西门名叫西华门、北门名叫神武门。故宫南北长961米，东西宽753米，面积为72500平方米，建筑面积15.5万平方米，9999.5间房子，故宫的宫殿建筑有4各部分：木结构、黄琉璃瓦顶、青白石底座、以及金碧辉煌的.彩画。天伦比的古代建筑杰作，世界臣大宫之首(北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫……)故宫宫殿是沿着一条南北向中轴线排列，三大殿、后三宫、都位于这条中轴线上臂机关传自故宫内，而且南大永定门，北到鼓楼、钟楼，贯穿整个城市，他气魄雄伟，规划完整，而且极为美观。
请大家休息一下，等会儿我们继续参观。
北京故宫导游词12
This is the palace museum; also know as the purple forbidden city. it is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in china today. under ming emperor yongle, construction began in 1406. it took 14years to build the forbidden city. the first ruler who actually lived here was ming emperor zhudi. for five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when qing emperor puyi was forced to abdicate the throne .in 1987, the united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization recognized the forbidden city was a world cultural legacy.
forbidden city(紫禁城)
(in front of the meridian gate)
it is believed that the palace museum, or zi jin cheng (purple forbidden city), got its name from astronomy folklore, the ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the ziwei yuan(north star). the constellation containing the north star was called the constellation of heavenly god and star itself was called the purple palace. because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. in folklore, the term ”an eastern purple cloud is drifting” became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, laozi, to the hanghu pass. here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. the word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.
the red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. yellow is the color of the earth on the loess plateau, the original home of the chinese people. yellow became an imperial color during the tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.
the forbidden city is rectangular in shape. it is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. it has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters .a 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9.9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. there are four entrances into the city: the meridian gate to the south, the shenwu gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(gate of military prowess) to the north, and the xihua gate(western flowery gate )to the west ,the donghua (eastern flowery gate) to the east.
manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the forbidden city. a total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. marble was quarried from fangshan country mount pan in jixian county in hebei province. granite was quarried in quyang county in hebei province. paving blocks were fired in kilns in suzhou in southern china. bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in shandong province .timber was cut ,processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.
the structure in front of us is the meridian gate. it is the main entrance to the forbidden city. it is also knows as wufenglou(five-phoenix tower). ming emperors held lavish banquets here on the 15th day of the first month of the chinese lunar year in hornor of their counties .they also used this place for punishing officals by flogging them with sticks.
qing emperors used this building to announce the beginning of the new year. qing emperor qianglong changed the original name of this announcement ceremony from ban li(announcement of calendar)to ban shou(announcement of new moon )to avoid coincidental association with another emperor` s name, hongli, which was considered a taboo at that time. qing dynasty emperors also used this place to hold audience and for other important ceremonies. for example,when the imperial army returned victoriously from the battlefield ,it was here that the emperor presided over the ceremony to accept prisoners of war.
(after entering the meridian gate and standing in front of the five marble bridges on golden water river)
now we are inside the forbidden city.before we start our tour, i would like to briefly introduce you to the architectural patterns befour us .to complete this solemn, magnificent and palatial complex, a variety of buildings were arranged on a north-south axis, and 8-kilometer-long invisible line that has become an inseparable part of the city of beijing. the forbidden city covers roughly one –third of this central axis. most of the important building in the forbidden city weree arranged along this line. the design and arrangement of the palaces reflect the solemn dignity of the royal court and rigidly –stratified feudal system.
the forbidden city is divided into an outer and an inner count.we are now standing on the southernmost part of the outer count. in front of us lies the gate of supreme harmony .the gate is guarded by a pair of bronze lions ,symbolizing imperial power and dignity. the lions were the most exquisite and biggest of its kind. the one on the east playing with a ball is a male, and ball is said to represent state unity. the other one is a female. underneath one of its fore claws is a cub that is considered to be a symbol of perpetual imperial succession. the winding brook before us is the golden water river. it functions both as decoration and fire control .the five bridges spanning the river represent the five virtues preached by confucius :benevolence, righteousness, rites, intellence and fidelity. the river takes the shape of a bow and the north-south axis is its arrow. this was meant to show that the emperors ruled the country on behalf of god.
(in front of the gate of supreme harmony)
the forbidden city consists of an outer countyard and an inner enclosure. the out count yard covers a vast space lying between the meridian gate and the gate of heavenly purity. the “three big halls” of supreme harmony, complete harmony and preserving harmony constitute the center of this building group. flanking them in bilateral symmetry are two groups of palaces: wenhua (prominent scholars) and wuying (brave warriors) . the three great halls are built on a spacious “h”-shaped, 8-meter-high, triple marble terrace, each level of the triple terrace is taller than the on below and all are encircled by marble balustrades carved with dragon and phoenix designs. there are three carved stone staircases linking the three architectures .the hall of supreme harmony is also the tallest and most exquisite ancient wooden-structured mansion in all of china. from the palace of heavenly purith northward is what is known as the inner court, which is also built in bilaterally symmetrical patterns. in the center are the palace of heavenly purity, the hall of union and peace and palace of earthly tranquility, a place where the emperors lived with their families and attended to state affairs. flanking these structures are palaces and halls in which concubines and princes lived. there are also three botanical gardens within the inner count, namely, the imperial garden, caning garden and quailing garden. an inner golden water river flows eastwardly within the inner court. the brook winds through three minor halls or palaces and leads out of the forbidden city. it is spanned by the white jade bridge. the river is lined with winding, marble –carved balustrades. most of the structures within the forbidden city have yellow glazed tile roofs.
aside from giving prominence to the north-south axis, other architectural methods were applied to make every group of palatial structures unique in terms of terraces, roofs, mythical monsters perching on the roofs and colored, drawing patterns. with these, the grand contour and different hierarchic spectrum of the complex were strengthened. folklore has it that there are altogether 9,999 room-units in the forbidden city. since paradise only has 10,000 rooms, the son of heaven on earth cut the number by half a room. it is also rumoured that this half –room is located to the west of the wenyuange pavilion (imperial library). as a matter of fact, although the forbidden city has more than 9,000 room-units, this half-room is nonexistent .the wenyuange pavilion is a library where “si ku quan shu”- china `s first comprehensive anthology-was stored.
(after walking past the gate of supreme harmony)
ladies and gentlemen, the great hall we are approaching is the hall of supreme harmony, the biggest and tallest of its king in the forbidden city. this structure covers a total building space of 2,377 square meters, and is know for its upturned, multiple counterpart eaves . the hall of supreme harmony sits on a triple “h”-shaped marble terrace the is 8meters high and linked by staircases. the staircase on the ground floor has 21 steps while the middle and upper stairways each have 9.
the construction of the hall of supreme harmony began in 1406. it burned down three times and was severely damaged once during a mutiny. the existing architecture was built during the qing dynasty. on the corners of the eaves a line of animal-nails were usually fastened to the tiles. these animal-nails were later replace with mythical animals to ward off evil spirits. there are altogether 9 such fasteners on top of this hall. the number nine was regarded by the ancients to be the largest numeral accessible to man and to which only the emperors were entitled.
there was a total of 24 successive emperors during the ming and qing dynasties who were enthroned here. the ball was also used for ceremonies which marked other great occasions: the winter solstice, the chinese lunar new year, the emperor` s birthday, conferral of the title of empress, the announcement of new laws and policies, and dispatches of generals to war .on such occasions, the emperor would hold audience for his court officials and receive their tributes.
this area is called the hall of supreme harmony square, which covers a total of 30,000 square meters, without a single tree or plant growing here, this place inspires visitors to feel its solemnity and grandeur. in the middle of the square there is a carriageway that was reserved for the emperor. on both sides of the road the groud bricks were laid in a special way seven layers lengthwise and eight layers crosswise, making up fifteen layers in all. the purpose of this was to prevent anyone from tunneling his way into the palace. in the count yard there are iron vats for storing water to fight fires. in the whole complex there are altogher 308 water vats. in wintertime, charcoal was burned underneath the vats to keep the water from freezing .why so vast a square? it was designed to impress people with the hall` s grandeur and vastness. imagine the following scene. under the clear blue sky, the yellow glazed tiles shimmered as the cloud-like layers of terrace, coupled with the curling veil of burning incense, transformed the hall of supreme harmony into a fairyland. whenever major ceremonies were held, the glazed, crane-shaped candleholders inside the hall would be it, and incense and pine branches burnt in front of the hall. when the emperor appeared, drums were beaten and musical instrument played. civilian officials and generals would kneel know in submission.
the last qing emperor puyi assumed the throne in 1908, at the age of three, his father carried him to the throne. at the start of the coronation, the sudden drum-beating and loud music caught the young emperor unprepared .he was so scared that he kept crying and shouting,”i don’t want to stay here. i want to go home.” his father tried to soothe him, saying, ”it` all soon be finished .it` all soon be finished ”the ministers present at the event considered this incident inauspicious. coincidentally, the qing dynasty collapsed three years later and there with concluded china `s feudal system that had lasted for more than 2,000 years.
(on the stone terrace of the hall of supreme harmony)
this is a bronze incense burner. in it incense made of sandalwood would be burnt on important occasions. there are altogether 18 incense burners, representing all of the provinces under the rule of the sing monarchs. on either side of the hall, 4 bronze water-filled vats were placed in case of fire. next to the terrace on either side, there is a bronze crane and tortoise, symbols of longevity. this copper-cast grain measure is called ”jialiang.” it served as the national standard during the qing dynasty. it was meant to show that the imperial ruler were just and open to rectification. on the other side there is a stone sundial, an ancient timepiece. the jialiang and the sundial were probably meant to show what the emperor represented: that he was the only person who should possess the standards of both measure and time.
in the very forefront of the hall of supreme harmony , there are 12 scarlet , round pillars supporting the roof. the hall is 63 meters from east to west and 37 meters from north to south, it is 35 meters in height. in front of this architechture, there stands a triple terrace with five staircases leading up to the main entrance .it has 40 gold doors and 16 gold-key windows with colored drawings on the pillars and beams. in the middle of the hall, a throune carved with 9 dragons sits on a 2-meter-high platform. behind the throne there is a golden screen and in front of it, there is a imperial desk . the flanks are decorated with elephants, luduan(a legendary beast), cranes, and incense barrels. the elephant carries a vase on its back that holds five cereals(i. e. rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans),which was considered a symbol of prosperity. as ancient legend has it that luduan can travel 18,000 li (9,000 kilometers )in one day and knows all languages and dialects. only to a wise adjust monarch will this beast be a guardian.
the hall of supreme harmony is also popularly known as jinluan dian (gold bell hall or the throne hall). the floor of the hall is laid with bricks that turn it into a smooth, fine surface as if water has been sprinkled on it .the so-called golden brick, in fact, has nothing to do with gold. reserved exclusively for the construction of the royal court, it was made in a secretive, and complex way, and, when struck, sounds like the clink of a gold bar. each brick was worth the market price of one dan (or one hectoliter ) of rice.
the hall is supported by a total of 72 thick pillars .of these, 6 are carved in dragon patterns and painted with gold and surround the throne. above the very center of this hall there is a zaojing, or covered ceiling, which is one of the specialities of china `s ancient architure. in the middle of the ceiling is a design of a dragon playing with a ball inlaid with peals. this copper ball, hollow inside and covered with mercury, is known as the xuanyuan mirror and is thought to be made xuanyuan, a legendary monarch dating back to remote antiquity. the placing of the caisson above the throne is meant to suggest that all of china` s successive emperors are zuanyuan` s descendants and hereditary heirs. now you might have noticed that the xuanyuan mirror is not directly above the throne. why? it is rumored that yuan shikai, a self-acclaimed warlord-turned emperor moved the throne further back because he was afraid that the mirror might fall on him .in 1916 when yuan shikai became emperor, he removed the original throne with a western-style, high-back chair. after the foundation of the people` s republic of china in 1949 the throne was found in a shabby furniture warehouse. it repaired and returned to the hall.
(leading the tourist to the bronze vats either on the east or the west)
the water vats in front of the palaces or house were called “menhai,” or sea before the door by the ancient chinese. they believed that with a sea by the door, fire could not wreak havoc. the vats served both as a decoration and as a fire extinguisher. they were kept full of water all year round.
during the qing dynasty, they were altogether 308 vats in the palace enclosure. they were made of gilt bronze or iron. of couse, the gilt bronze vats were of the best quality. when the allied forces (britain, germany, france, russia, the united states, italy, japan and austria) invaded beijing in 1900 under the pretext of suppressing the boxer rebellion, the invaders ransacked the imperial compound and scraped and gold off the vats with their bayonets. during the japanese occupation of beijing, many vats were trucked away by the japanese to be made into bullets .
(in front of the hall of complete harmony)
the square architecture before us is called the hall of complete harmony. it served as an antechamber. the emperor came here to meet with his countiers and add his final touches to the prayers which would be read at the ancestral temple. the seeds, snowers and prayer intended for spring sowing were also examined here. the two qing sedan chairs here on display were used for traveling within the palace during the reign of emperor qianlong.
(in front of the hall f preserving harmony)
this is the hall of preserving harmony. during the qing dynasty, banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of mongolian and northwestern china` s xingjiang princes and ranking officials. the emperor also dinned here with his new son-in-law on the wedding day. imperial examinations were also held here once every three years. during the ming and qing dynasties, there were three levels of exams: the county and prefectural level, the provincial level and national level. the national exam was presided over by the emperor. the civil service exam in ancient china started during the han dynasty. it served the purpose of recruiting confucian scholars to the ministers and high officials. during the tang and qing dynasties reinstituted and ancient system. once every three years, three hundred scholars from all over the country came to beijing and took exams for three day and night. this system was abolished in 1905.
(behind the hall of preserving harmony)
this is the largest stone carving in the palace . it is 16.73 meters long, 3.07 meters wide and 1.7 meters thick .it weighs about 200 tons. the block was quarried in fangshan county, roughly 70 kilometers away. to transport such a huge block to beijing, laborers dug wells along the roadside half a kilometer apart, and used the groundwater to make a road of ice in the winter. rolling blocks were used in the summer. in 1760, emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty ordered the carving of the existing cloud and dragon design in place of the old one which dated back to the ming dynasty.
note : from here, the tour can be conducted via three different routes: a western route(route a), a central route (route b) or an eastern route (route c) .the commentary for each follows.
route a
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.
before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
route b
(inside the hall of heavenly purity)
ladies and gentlemen:
we are now entering the inner court. from the gate of heavenly purity northward lies the inner court where the emperors and empresses once lived .the hall of heavenly purity is the central hall of the inner court ,and was completed during the reign of emperor yongle of the ming dynasty. there are 10 pillars supporting the entire structure and the hall is 20 meters in height .in the center of the hall there a throne. above it hangs a plaque with an inscription that reads “be open and above-board,” written by shenzhi,the first emperor of the qing dynasty. beginning with qianlong` s reign, the name of the successor to the throne was not publicly announced .instead, it was written on two pieces of paper, one to be kept on the emperor` s person throughout his reign, and the other placed in a small strongbox that was stored behind his plaque. the box was opened only after the emperor passed away. altogether there where 4 emperors who ascended the throne in this way, namely qianlong, jiaqing, daohuang and xian feng.
the hall of heavenly purity was where the emperors lived during the ming and qing dynasties. according to tradition ,extravagant annual banquets were held here on new year` s eve in honour of royal family members. foreign ambassadors were received here during the late-qing period. two important “one thousand old men` s feasts” of the qing dynasty were also held here. all the invitees had to be at least 65 years of age.
this hall was also used for mourning services.
(inside the palace of union and peace)
this hall sits between the hall of heavenly purity and the palace of earthly tranquility, symbolizing the union of heaven and earth ,as well as national peace .it was first built in 1420 and reconstructed in 1798. the hall is square in shape ,and is smaller than the hall of complete harmony .you will see a plaque here inscribed with two chinese characters, wu wei, which were handwritten by emperor qianglong. a throne sits in the middle of the hall with a screen behind it .above the throne there hangs a caisson ,or covered ceiling. the emperor held birthday celebrations and other major events here.
in 1748 during emperor qianlong` s reign, 25 jade seals representing imperial authority were kept in this hall .no seals were allowed out of the room without the prior consent of the emperor. on each flack there is a water clock and a chiming clock.
(inside the palace of earthly tranquility)
this used to be the central hall where successive ming empresses lived. during the qing dynasty, it was converted into a place where sacrifices and wedding ceremonies were held .the room on the western side was used for sacrifices and the room on the east was the seeding chamber.
route c
ladies and gentlemen:
you have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i` d like to show you around scenes of interest along the eastern route. the first is the treasure hall. this mansion is called the hall of imperial zenith. this is where sing emperor quailing lived after abdication. nearly 1,000 artifacts and treasures are on display here, among which the golden hair tower is one of the most famous. this tower is 1.53meters in height and its base is 0.53 meters in circumference .it was built under the order of emperor quailing to be used to collect fallen hair in commemoration of his mother. there is also a “day harnessing water jade hill ” on display here. yu was a legendary monarch of the remote ixia dynasty. under his leadership, the people learned how to harness the yellow river. this jade assemblage, 224 centimeters in height and 5 tons in weight, is the largest jade artwork in china. this mat was woven with peeled ivory. these artifacts are among china` s rarest treasures.
(in front of the nine-dragon screen)
this is the nine-dragon relief screen .erected in 1773,it is 3.5 meters in height and 29.4 meters in width. underneath is a foundation made of marble .the surface of the screen is laid with a total of 270 colored, glazed tiles in the design of 9 dragons ,some rocky mountains ,clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits the ancient chinese regarded 9 dragons, some rocky mountains, clouds and the sea. it was meant to ward off evil spirits .the ancient chinese regarded 9 as the largest numeral and the dragon as a auspicious beast .the 9 dragons are different in color and posture and all are made of glazed tiles. interestingly a piece of the third dragon from the left is made of wood. it is believe that when the nine-dragon screen was almost finished ,a piece of glazed tile was damaged .emperor qianlong was scheduled to inspect the work the following day .using quick wits, the craftsman in question molded the missing piece with clay and sailed through the imperial inspection. later ,he asked a carpenter to carve a wooden one to replace the one made of clay.
(approaching the imperial garden)
there main structure of the imperial garden is the qin` an hall. positioned in the central-northern part of the garden ,this hall is flanked by other halls and pavilions on the east and west. the hall sits on a marble pedestal. the taoist deity of zhenwu is enshrined here and emperor would pay homage here a quarterly basis. taoist rites were held during the reign of emperor jiajing of the ming dynasty. in front of the hall there is a cypress that is 400 years old .in all there are a dozen such rare trees in the garden, and most of them are cypresses or pines. to the northwest of the hall , there is the yanhui(sustaining sunshine) pavilion and to the northeast there lies the duixiu (accumulated refinement )hill. this hill was built over the foundation of the long- pershed guanhua (admiring flowers) hall of the ming dynasty.
behind the palace of earthly tranquility and trading the north-south axis is the imperial garden. there are old trees, rare flowers and exotic rock formation in this garden .it cover a space of 11,700 square meters, or roughly 1.7 percent of the forbidden city. most of the structures in the garden are symmetrically arranged . however, each is different in terms of parrern and decoration. woods clumps of bamboo screen off the garden and strengthens its deep and serene atmosphere.
北京故宫导游词13
各位游客们：
大家好！
来自世界各地的游客们，你们好！欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是来自河北的袁导游，下面我就带大家去细细游赏一番吧。
中国明清两代的皇宫，又称紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1420xx年至1420xx年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民细心修改，变成富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原来的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规模最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。
我们说完了北京故宫的历史，现在该说说外观和排列顺序了吧！
这座城设四个门，南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东为东华门、西为西华门，四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都还布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面的'墙有10米多高呢！还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧！长3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。
听完了一以上那些，你应该对北京故宫有些了解了吧！可能你还不知道吧，连皇帝的住所都是那么井井有条！
文化殿，武英殿是面阔九间的但檐歇山顶建筑。文化殿是皇帝听大臣讲书的地方，武英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。
前三殿是全宫最大的建筑群，占地面积有达8.5万平方米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，期于宫殿依次递减，主要突出前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位，已被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
怎么样，对我袁导游的介绍还满意吗？如果不满意，请多多指教，好让我步步高升啊！
北京故宫导游词14
各位游客好，欢迎大家来到北京故宫。今天就由我给大家介绍这里的风景名胜。
请大家跟着我的脚步，我们面前的.就是著名的故宫博物院。好，跨进这个大门，我们就来到故宫到廷三大殿中最大的一殿——太和殿，民间俗称“金銮殿”。它建于明永乐十八年也就是1420年，清康熙三十四年就是1695年重建，大家猜猜太和殿高多少，面积多少呢?没错，它高35米左右，面积有2377平方米，差不多有55间教室那么大，由72根大柱支撑着全部重量，是故宫中最高大建筑。
你们瞧!里面装饰得金碧辉煌，正中间一个有宝座，宝座并置于6根盘龙金柱之间，以突出帝王唯我独尊的地位。九龙宝座用楠木雕龙涂金而成，可精致了!
大家一起向右走，前面就来到中和殿了。中和殿的大殿平面呈方形，黄琉璃四有攒尖顶，可气派了!大家知道吗?那时皇帝就是在这里进行亲祭、批阅奏书的。
大家跟我一起往前走，这块空地上最显眼的就是云龙石雕。这是故宫中最大的一座石雕。石长16.57米，宽3.07米，厚1.7米，重达两百多吨呢!大家可以凑近看一看，石雕四周刻有缠枝莲花纹，下部为海水江涯，中间雕刻着流云衬托着九条蟠龙和州龙，云龙栩栩如生，雕刻精细。
今天的讲解到此结束，大家可以自行参观。我想提醒大家：注意看到任何东西绝对不能用手触摸，以保护这珍奇的文物。我们20分钟后在这里集合。再见!祝大家玩得开心。
北京故宫导游词15
尊敬的各位旅客：
大家好！
我是xx旅行社的导游员，我姓x，在接下来的几天当中，我将陪伴大家共同游览北京的名胜风景，希望通过我的讲解，能够是您对北京留下非常美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，现在我们就开始今天的游览行程吧。
（进午门之后）进了故宫，大家首先看见的就是人……为什么这么多人来到这里呢？因为明朝永乐年间，一百万劳工花了十四年的时间修筑起来的故宫是世界是最大的宫殿，非常有名。每天都有数万名游客来这里观光。
这个建筑是故宫朝南的正门，叫作午门。午是正晌午时的午，是位于正中的意思。午门的下面，有五个拱门，正中间的门只有皇帝才能出入，即使地位很高的大臣，也只能使用两侧的门；地方上的诸候只能使用最两端的小门。这些都是根据身份，等级来严格规定的。过去，只有皇后在结婚的时候，才能从午门进入一次，其它女性一律禁止出入午门。当然现在是谁都可以进啦。过去对皇帝的心腹都是这样严厉，一般百姓就更不用提啦。连靠近故宫都不行。所以，这个故宫又被称作紫禁城。紫是紫色的紫。过去有天帝之子，老子住的地方当然也得是紫色的宫殿才中！于是，用了个紫字。禁就是禁止入内的禁字，也就是禁止随便进放的意思。
这正中的路是皇帝专用的。这条但是故宫的中轴线，也是整个北京城的中轴线。北京的主要建筑大多都沿着这个中轴线而建，两边的建筑也多是对称的。皇帝的宫殿位于这中轴线的中间，显示着”普天之下，唯我独尊”。这条路是用大理石铺成的。请看，这大理石路比两边的路高出一块儿来。当皇帝将走这段路时，还要在上面铺上地毯之类的东西，这样就高了。所以纵然皇帝身材短小，在这上面一走，也显得高大伟岸！
皇帝是了不起的”爷们儿”，这中间的门也是了不起的”爷门儿”。每当皇帝经过这中间的门时，都要敲响大钟、大鼓伴奏才行。皇帝就这样迈着步子：咚咚———咚咚咚咚———咚———咚真戳威严无比！皇帝打心眼儿里感觉到：看！还是老子伟大！下面，我们大家也假装当回皇帝，体会一下皇帝走路的感觉吧！
（在太和门前）这个建筑叫太和门，是故宫里最大的木制大门。在这个大门的前面，放有一对狮子，这是明代用青铜的。狮子强悍，吼声震天，使百兽惧怕，放在这里，代表着皇帝的威严。那里有个石头做的像邮筒似的东西，那是大臣，诸候求皇帝时，要写申请书放在里边，由皇帝的仆人转达给皇帝：”万岁，此人求见，可以吗？””好。””是，遵命。”就可以有进了。如果皇帝狱：”不行！”那求见的人就会被撵走。和它相对称的那边，还有一个石头做成的东西，它的形状像一个大印，象征着皇帝的权力。也就是说：老子的权力坚如磐石，不管世间有何变动，老子的权力永远不变！
（经过太和门之后）前面的大殿叫太和殿，是故宫内最大的建筑物，并且是过去北京城最高的建筑物。皇帝下令：任何人的房子也不能高出老子的房子。所以京城只好建了平房，北京过去曾被称为”平房之都”。
（在太和殿广场）尽管故宫周围有十米高的城墙和52米宽的护城河，皇帝还是担心有人挖地道钻进故宫暗杀他，吓得睡不好觉，，绞尽脑汁想了个办法，就是把广场用十五层砖横、竖交叉地铺严实了，才终于放下心来。从这件事也可以看出，当时的.权力斗争是何等激烈！当然在大典时，文武百官三呼万岁，但皇帝还是怀有戒心：这里面，这家伙，那家伙，说不定哪个家伙想暗杀老子，不注意哪行！这广场的砖层大约有三、四米深。
（在太和殿的石台上）这个由石头做成的东西叫嘉量，嘉量是当时的标准度量衡，表示皇帝公平处事，谁半斤，谁八两，心里自然有数。对面还有一个石头做成的东西，叫作日晷。发音和日记一样，但不是日记，是用来看时间的石头表。皇帝的意思是：重量和时间的基准都在老子这里。
那边有鹤和龟，”千年仙鹤，万年龟”，是长寿的象征。不过，中国和日本不同，是颠倒过来说的，叫作”万年仙鹤，千年龟”。为什么说法不一样呢？大概是过去日本的留学生在中国学了词句之后，乘船归国途中，由于船的颠簸使头脑产生混乱，记颠倒了。还有许多例子，如：日本讲良妻贤母，中国讲贤妻良母；日本讲平和，中国讲和平；日本讲法政大学，而在中国叫作政法大学。文章的意思完全一样，但只是顺序不同，大概就是乘船颠簸所致。那鹤和龟不单是一种装饰物，也是一种香炉。它们的背都盖着盖儿，每当大典时，就把盖掀起来，放入檀香燃烧，那烟就从它们的嘴里缓缓溢出，就好像它们都在吞云吐雾一样。
请大家从石台上回头看广场。我们进了故宫之后还没有看见过树。为什么在这么宽阔的地方连一树都不种呢？……不是为了防止暗杀，而是为了制造气氛。如果种了树，郁郁葱葱一片绿，鸟儿在上面又唱又叫的，就会呈现出生活的气息。如果不种绎，就会产生庄严的气氛。我们来想像一下：过去大臣、诸候要见皇帝时，全都得从天安门走着进来，走在宽阔的路上看着高大的建筑，在庄严肃穆的气氛中，大臣、诸候就会越走越感到压力沉重，当走到皇帝面前时，就会自然地双腿打着哆嗦跪下来了。
中国历史上最后一个皇帝———爱新觉罗。溥仪三岁时当上皇帝的，他即位时的御座就在太和殿的正中。
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