英文导游词范文
作为一名专门为游客提供帮助的导游，时常要开展导游词准备工作，一篇完整的导游词，其结构一般包括习惯用语、概括介绍、重点讲解三个部分。我们该怎么去写导游词呢？以下是小编为大家收集的英文导游词范文，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。
英文导游词范文1
The Oxford Movement, led by John Henry Newman, broke from the Anglican Church in the 1840s.
Twenty years later, the new University Museum was the site of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, the champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce.
From 1878, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the University in 1920.
Since 1974, all but one of Oxford's 39 colleges have changed their statutes to admit both men and women.
St Hilda's remains the only women's college.
In the years since the war, Oxford has added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine.
In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as a focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.
StudentsThe University of Oxford's total student population numbers just over 16,100 (students in residence, 1998-9).
Almost a quarter of these students are from overseas, including the countries of the European Union.
More than 130 nationalities are represented among our student body.
Almost 5,000 students are engaged in postgraduate work.
Of these, around 3,000 are working in the arts and humanities.
StaffOxford's current academic community includes 76 Fellows of the Royal Society and 105 Fellows of the British Academy.
A further 97 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are also Fellows of the British Academy, and 142 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are Fellows of the Royal Society.
英文导游词范文2
Friends, hello! Now we already arrived the Huangshan Mountain scenic spot southern region strategic place soup mouth. First introduces the Huangshan Mountain scenery in here to you the survey.
Huangshan Mountain, is located south the Chinese Anhui Province, is the Chinese Nanling sierra the part, entire mountain area approximately 1,200 square kilometers. The Huangshan Mountain mountain system center-section, is Huangshan Mountain’s essence are partial, also Huangshan Mountain scenic spot which must tour on us, area approximately 154 square kilometers. It within the boundaries of Huangshan Mountain city, south neighbour She county, Huizhou area, Xiuning County and Yi Xian, north continually yellow mountainous area; These five counties, the area also all belong to the Huangshan Mountain city jurisdiction.
Huangshan Mountain in Chinese Tang Dynasty before is called the mountain, is the black appearance, because on the mountain the rock blue black is blue black, the ancient gives it such name. The fable we Chinese race’s ancestor shaft Yellow Emperor in completes the area south of Yellow River to unify after industry, founds the Chinese civilization, arrives here to pick the medicine to build up Dan, takes a bath in the hot spring, thus obtains enlightenment the immortal. Tang Dynasty renowned Emperor Ming Huangli the prosperous base extremely will believe this view, (747 years) has gotten down together the imperial edict in six years, the mountain will change name Huangshan Mountain. The meaning is, this mountain is Yellow Emperor’s mountain. From then on, Huangshan Mountain this name one until now.
The friends, you are not far thousand, even Wan Lidao here, must look at Huangshan Mountain with own eyes the America? Not is must feel a time of life to be joyful? Yes, Huangshan Mountain is certainly beautiful certainly beautiful, may say the day wonderful mountain, can ascend a height to get a broad view it, has a look it with own eyes, truly is a life big happy event. Before the very long long time, in the long geologic history generation, the nature infinite strength, has molded the Huangshan Mountain that certainly beautiful elegant demeanour and all sorts of unusual landscapes very much, makes one fall, is elated.
Huangshan Mountain’s America, first on beautifully in its high peak. Here competes Xiu, Feng Feng expresses admiration, respectively has the characteristic, each charm. The Huangshan Mountain high peak has how many, but also does not have an accurate numeral. In the history successively names has 36 big peaks, 36 small peaks, recent years also had 10 famous peaks to be selected "the Huangshan Mountain Will". This more than 80 mountain peaks high overwhelming majority above the elevation kilometer, lotus flower peak is all highest (1,864 meters), the light goes against is next (1,841 meters), the day all peak rank ( meters), these three big peaks and the graceful bearing outstanding beginning letter peak (1,683 meters), are Huangshan Mountain’s friends, even if mounts in these four high peaks, also calculated.
Under, I "four certainly" separately make again Huangshan Mountain an introduction.
Said Huangshan Mountain "four certainly", arranges at first working as is the wonderful pine. Yellow pinus montana wonderfully in what place? First is wonderfully in it vitality, you saw have had no alternative but to express admiration. Generally said that, every has the earth the side to be able to leave the vegetation and the crops, but the yellow pine is long comes out from the hard yellow hillock rock. Huangshan Mountain everywhere all is growing the pine tree, their long peak, the long sheer precipice, is long in the glen, green and luxuriant, full of vitality. Since 1100, they were split open like this from the rock, the root deep deeply gripped in the rock seam, did not fear barren was arid, did not fear the wind and thunder sleet, natural, unyielding. You can say is not wonderful? Next is, yellow pinus montana also wonderfully in it that unique natural modelling. From generally speaking, yellow pinus montana’s needle short and heavy dense, Ye Senong green, the trunk and branches tune lives, crown flat, appears one kind simply, steady, the vigorous imposing manner, but each pine tree, each pine tree, in the appearance, is mad in the rhyme, also is each every different, all some one kind of unusual America. The people according to them the different shape and the charm, separately gave them to get up has been appropriate from however the elegant interesting name, like received a guest the pine, the black tiger pine, the pine, Long Zhuasong, searches Korean pine, unity pine and so on. They are the Huangshan Mountain wonderful pine’s representative.
The strange stone, is constitutes the Huangshan Mountain beautiful scenery one "certainly". Everywhere all may see in Huangshan Mountain wonderful shape strange rock, these strange stone appearances infinitely varied, some picture people, some picture thing, some have the reflection certain myth fables and the historical story, lifelike, vivid were all interesting. In 121 famous stones, well-knownness higher some having "fly the stone", "immortal play chess", "the magpie ascend the plum", "the monkey view sea", "immortal expose to the sun the boots", "the Penglai three islands", "the golden rooster are called the fontanel" and so on. These strange stones have are the colossi, some marvelous exquisite; Some independences become the scenery, some are several combinations or with the wonderful pine ingenious knot synthesis scenery. Also a strange stone because watched the position and the angle has changed, the appearance also had the change, has become stone two scenery, if "the golden rooster was called the fontanel" also to call "five old heavens all", "the magpie to ascend the plum" also to be called "immortal to refer to the road" is moves step trades the scenery the reason. Also some strange factories, looked under the dissimilar condition, can produce cannot association, thus also had the different name, if "the monkey view sea" also is called "the monkey to look peace" then is.
英文导游词范文3
Good morning! Ladies and Gentlemen： Today we will go and visit the Yuelu Academy! Yuelu Academy is one of the four famous academies in China, and it was established by Zhudong, magistrate of Tanzhou prefecture in 976A.
英文导游词范文(一)huaqing pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of xian. historically, the western zhou dynasty saw the construction of the li palace on the spot....
素有江北鱼米之乡的巢湖市，巢湖旅游资源丰富，人文景观众多，是皖中旅游胜地。本文的内容是巢湖的英文导游词，请看看：巢湖的英文导游词【1】Hello, all of you, Im Wang Ping, a tour guide from Anhui travel agency. You can call...
今天就给大家分享两篇国内关于英文的导游词给大家欣赏，希望你们喜欢哦。谢谢欣赏。湖北三峡英文导游词Good morning, ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to China! Welcome to Hubei Province!Today I am very pleased to show you Three...
导游词的宗旨是通过对旅游景观绘声绘色地讲解、指点、评说，帮助旅游者欣赏景观，以达到游览的`最佳效果。下面是关于上海的英文导游词，分享给你们。谢谢支持。...
英文导游词范文4
Welcome to Yunnan, Welcome to Tengchong! It’s my honor to be your guide. Today we are going to visit the volcanoes and hot springs in Tengchong, which are the most famous here.
As we will get there in a few minutes, first allow me to give you a brief intoduction of Tengchong. Tengchong is located in the southwest of China and occupies an area of 5800 square kilometers. There are 23 nationalities here, such as 汉、傣、回、白 nationalities and so on. When we mentioned Tengchong, three things will come into mind, which are: the volcanoes and hot springs having 10,000 years, the border city having 1,000 years and the fair of jade having 100 years.
Later we will get to the volcanoes and the hot spring, so now I can tell you something about the latter two ones. They all can reflect the long history Tengchong has. Tengchong is a city on boarder. And because of its location, it has been an important place for military reasons. And that’s a part of its history. It’s also regarded as the county of manners, and it is the hometown of so many famous people. And another part of its history is that Tengchong is one trade center of jade between China and Burma. So don’t forget to get a round to the jade fair. I think you will feel interested.
OK, everyone, here is the Library of the Volcanoes. Now let’s have a look at .The volcanoes in Tengchong are famous in China, and it’s one of the four groups of volcanoes in China. The strong extravasations are the cause of the landform of Tengchong. There is a lieder in Tengchong saying that:” Such a place Tengchong, nine in ten mountains have no peaks.” It’s very vivid, from that you can see so many volcanoes are in Tengchong. There are 97 volcanoes in Tengchong now with high value of tourism and scientific research.
英文导游词范文5
The Longmen Grottos are on the Yihe River bank, some 12 kilometers from ancient Luoyang city, about 30 minutes' drive. It is one of the three most important Buddhist sculptures and carvings in China. The Longmen Grottos enjoy a good location where two mountains confront each other between which flows the Yihe River.
The grotto was first carved in North Wei Dynasty, over 1500 years ago and expanded through the succeeding East and West Wei Dynasties, North Qi Dynasty, North Zhou Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties and was finally completed in North Song Dynasty. Over 500 years' renovation and expansion have created the prestigious world cultural site. The most significant chiseling activities happened in the Tang and North Wei Dynasties, which lasted over 150 years.
Spanning a length of around 1 kilometer on the hillside along the Yihe River, the niches resemble dozens of honeycombs dotting the area. There are about grottoes and niches, over 40 crematory urns, 3,600 inscribed stone tablets and over 100,000 Buddhist images and statues. The largest one is 17 meters high while the smallest is a tiny as 2 cm. One third of the complex are works of the North Wei Dynasty. These masterpieces are the Binyang Cave, and Lianhua( Lotus Cave). The impressive Qianxi Temple, Fengxian Temple, Wanfo Cave( Ten Thousand Buddhist Cave) are the highlights of the Tang Dynast's carvings. The Longmen Grottos are of great value in world sculpture history and it has been listed in the World Cultural Heritage Site by the UNESCO. To protect such a valuable heritage site, the Chinese government as well as some influential world cultural organizations are trying hard to share this site with the whole word. A large-scaled renovation was undertaken in 20xx to keep the grottos in good condition.
英文导游词范文6
Everybody is good! Welcome to visit suzhou gardens. I am your tour guide,surnamed pan, just call me pan or pan guide. Let me take you to visit!
Suzhou garden with beautiful scenery, is famous for its elegant, have"jiangnan garden enjoys, suzhou garden armor chiangnan" the laudatory are both lakes and mountains, wide, and Bridges the jiangnan waterrhyme.
Now we came to the humble administrators garden. Humble administratorsgarden is one of the four classical gardens in China. It is located in suzhou inthe swallow gate, is the largest one in suzhou garden, also is therepresentative work of suzhou gardens. You see, the humble administratorsgarden is light fitting for property of building layout, the clever, fair,simple natural pure and fresh style? Its layout theme centered on water, thewater area is about one 5 of the total, various pavilions hin pavilions built bythe water. Main building has far hong tong, snow sweet YunWeiTing, to frosteighteen datura flower pavilion, pavilion, pavilion, 36 yuanyang pavilion, photos below, youd better be careful, dont fall into the water orlitter!
Visit the humble administrators garden, now everyone with me to thesurging waves pavilion. Surging waves pavilion is the oldest a garden in the garden rocks as blue waves accent. Look, head on a heaped-upmountains, stone pavilion is located on its blue waves. Is Lord of the gardenrockery southeastern md hall building, and there are five hundred MingXianshrine, see mountain building, emerald green and exquisite pavilions, back checkpavilion and royal pavilion building through with them. Landscape art isdifferent, not into the garden gate and set a pool of green water around outsidein the garden. Chisel below has a pool, landscape are connected to a complextortuous galleries, how beautiful! The composition
Below you see the lion grove. Is one of the four classical gardens insuzhou. Because of the high stone mountain park, more like a lion, so the name"lion" Lin. Forest lake stone rockery and more exquisite, architecturaldistribution of strewn at random have send, the main building there is YanYuhall, see waterfall mountain building, pavilion, ask MeiGe, etc. Lion grovetheme is clear, the depth of field is rich, personality, false cave lives thecraftsmanship, objects dont have a charm.
Finally, lets visit the garden. Lingering garden is one of Chinas fourbig gardens. Was built in the Ming dynasty. Central garden covers an area ofabout 50 acres, with landscape is given priority to, is the essence main building has a green mountain, bright floor, quxi far cui pavilionbuildings, the wind the place such as the pool pavilion. Keep the number ofcampus building in the gardens in suzhou crown, fully embodies the ancientlandscape of superb artistry and outstanding wisdom.
Now that we have finished the few parks are not allowed to visit the suzhougardens. I would be glad to visit the gardens together with everybody, thank youfor your support for my work! Good bye!
英文导游词范文7
Oxford is a unique and historic institution.
As the oldest English-speaking university in the world, it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence.
There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, initiated the University's tradition of international scholarship.
By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a uniuersitas or corporation.
In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (students and townspeople) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence.
These were succeeded by the first of xford's colleges or endowed houses whose architectural splendour, together with the University's libraries and museums, give the city its unique character.
University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, were the oldest.
Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges.
In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.
Oxford early on became a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes.
John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy.
In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford.
The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House.
In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country.
The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival.
Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley's prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society.
The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era.
The Oxford Movement, led by John Henry Newman, broke from the Anglican Church in the 1840s.
Twenty years later, the new University Museum was the site of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, the champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce.
From 1878, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the University in 1920.
Since 1974, all but one of Oxford's 39 colleges have changed their statutes to admit both men and women.
St Hilda's remains the only women's college.
In the years since the war, Oxford has added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine.
In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as a focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.
StudentsThe University of Oxford's total student population numbers just over 16,100 (students in residence, 1998-9).
Almost a quarter of these students are from overseas, including the countries of the European Union.
More than 130 nationalities are represented among our student body.
Almost 5,000 students are engaged in postgraduate work.
Of these, around 3,000 are working in the arts and humanities.
StaffOxford's current academic community includes 76 Fellows of the Royal Society and 105 Fellows of the British Academy.
A further 97 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are also Fellows of the British Academy, and 142 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are Fellows of the Royal Society.
英文导游词范文8
Good morning! Ladies and gentlemen:
Today we will go and visit the Nanyue Temple, Nanyue Temple is situated on the northern tip of Nanyue Township and at the southern foot of Chidi Peak. In a layout of nine rows, It is the largest and best-preserved ancient palatial architectural complex of south China. Magnificent and splendid with resplendent upturned eaves. Inside the east in parallel to eight Buddhist palaces on the west, It is indeed a wonder in the history of religion that Taoism. Buddhism and Confucian culture can co-exist within a single temple.
The exact time of the construction of Nanyue Temple is unknown. It existed asearly as in the Qin and Han Dynastis. Originally Located on the summit of Zhurong Peak, The temple was later moved to the mountain foot to facilitate the religious activities. The beginning of the Tang Dynasty witnessed the formal construction of the Heavenly Lord Huo"s Temple" the "Heavenly Master Temple". So as to enshrine and worship the Gods of the five sacred mountains, During the Song Dynasty the immortal of the Hengshan Mountain was revered as the "Heavenly Master Zhaosheng",as a result the temple was gradually expanded and enlarged. Since the Tang Dynasty Nanyue Temple had beed subject to six fires and 16reconstructions all through the Song. Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 8th year of Emperor Guangxu"s reign in the Qing Dynasty (1882 ), the Imperial Court ordered the rbuilding of Nanyue Temple. Which had been ruined by lightning, The project was imitative. Copying the styles of the Imperial Palace. And even to the present day it is still well preserved.
Fenced with red-brick ue Temple ccupies an area of some square metres. From north to south lies in sequence nine rows and four courtyards-Lingxing Gate. Kuixing Tower. Chuan Gate. Pavilion of Imperial Study, Main Hall, Dwelling Palace and the Northern Rear Exit. The whole architecture complex stretches across on axis extending from south to north with its halls linked up together. The winding corridors and wing-rooms on both sides merge with each other. Accentuating the magnificence of the stature of the principal part. On the east side of the main temple there are eight Taoist palaces. Coordinating with eight Buddhist palaces on the west side.
The first row is Lingxing Gate. Two gilded Chinese characters "Mountain Temple" are shining on the white marble at the top of the gate. The marble gate stands as high as 20 metres with a width of metres and is meant to imply that during the past dynasties all the religious activities were officiated by real knowledgeable people. The second row is kuixing Tower. The most perfectly preserved ancient stage in Human a breadth of 35metres and a length of 12. Its fa?ade facing the main palace, the stage is the place where people hold religious activities and perform local operas during pilgrimage. Before the tower stands a pair of 2-metre tall stone Kylin (Chinese unicorn). With their furious eyes widely open. They are like two solemn looking sentinels guarding the tower.
The pebble path under the Kuixing Tower leads to the third row-Main Chuan Gate. East and West Gates. The gateway is made of gray bricks with an awesome depth and height of 15 metres. The courtyard within is filled with dense cypress trees and carpeted with green grass. The fourth row is the Pavilion of Imperial Study. Distinguished by its gilded tiles. Octagonal doubleeaved roofs and exquisitely-crafted arches. Inside the pavilion there is a Bixi in the shape of a legendary animal like tortoise. Legend has it that Bixi is the ninth son of the dragon. The Bixi carries an imperial stele on which the full text of On Rebuilding Nanyue Temple was carved in the 47th year of Kangxi"s reign(1780 .) in the Qing dynasty.
The fifth row is Jiaying Gate. Named after the line from The Annals of Han-Books of Rites and Joys: "This row is the place where local magistrates and monks welcomed ritual officials dispatched from the capital. After the Jiaying Gate the sixth row comes into view-Tower of Imperial Study. Which is the storehouse of the collection of imperial calligraphies ages and inscribed boards concerning the past emperors" ritual presentations to the mountain. Sweeet osmanthus ahead of the tower submerges the building with its refreshing scent when it blossoms every autumn.
The seventh row is the Main Palace. Surrounded by towering old trees. Camphor trees planted in the Song Dynasty and cypress in the Ming Dynasty compete with each other in setting off the beauty of the upturned double-roofs and the splendour of the palace. Adding tremendous awe to the Main Palac. As it stands metres, its girandeur rivals that of the Palace of supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Inside the palace there are 72 stone pilliars, standing for the 72 peaks on the Hengshan Mountain. The two huge pillars upholding the main roofs were cut out of a whole granite. Each weighing 14 tons.
Encircled by the balustrades are 144 relief sculptures carved out of white marbles. Based on Shanhai Jing . Pillars on the forefront overlap. Carved on them are 56 historical and legendary thles . On the square door were carved the Images. On the square door were carved the Images of the 24 filial Sons and the Images of the 18 Scholars. Here tourists can get a rough idea of the age-old Chinese Confucian and Taoist cultures. Clay statues-Heavenly King Zhaosheng and General Jin and Wu line up in the palace with their impressively dignified look, calling forth in tourists a feeling of profound respect.
The eighth row is the dwelling Palacewith double roofs and in perfect harmony with the whole mountain. This structure keeps up the architectural style of the Song Dynasty and is decorated with coloured drawings and patterns whichare popular among palaces in the North. giving a sense of gorgeousness to this palace. The ninth row is the Northern Rear Exit. The end of the axial architecture, with Zhusheng Palace to the right and Chief God Palace to the left, At the back of the exit. A path leads farther into the mountain.
Nanyue Temple occupies a prominent position in the history of ancient Chinese architecture. It carries the grandeur characterized by palaces in the North. And at the same time it smacks of the loveliness featured by gardens in the South. The architectural arrangement of the temple is clearly demarcated and gently modulated. Strongly indicating the ingenuity and originality of the craftsmen. Its ground and upper layouts are like an eternal musical movement with its own overture, main body and coda. Demonstrating the excellence of ancient Chinese architecture.
Nanyue Temple carries a profound cultural connotation. It boasts a large number of clay statues. Wood engravings and stone carvings, which are all closely linked up with Chinese tradition and culture. Over 800 dragons of various sizes, which are the symbol of the Chinese be found everwhere in the temple. The carvings on the roof wood and white marble balustrades are an encyclopedia of ancient history and mythology. There are fairy tales- "Pan Gu Creating the Universe." "Hou Yi Shooting the Suns", "Jing Wei Filling up the Ocean"-; real stories about some historical figures- "Su Wu Shepherding Sheep." "sleeping on sticks and Tasting the Gallbladder." "Da MO Crossing the Sea"- ; legends extolling filial piety- "Melting the Ice with Body Warmth to Catch Carps." "Weeping on the Bamboo until it Turns into shoots"- Most of the carvings are the lgends about the earliest ancestors of Taoist immortals. As early as in the Qing and Ming Dynasties, clay status, wood engraving and stone carving were reputed as "the Three Wonders to the South of the Yangtze River."
All through the dynasties Nanyue Temple has been a thriving place to hold religious activities both for the feudal imperial courts and the ordinary people. Every year the temple greets nearly pilgrims. The offerings, presentation, titles and other customs are almost the same as they were thousands years ago. There are "bowing pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims bow with each step or with every three steps , and "hunger pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims bow with each step or with every three steps. "And hunger pilgrimage" in which the pilgrims refrain from food during their trip. More often. Pilgrims would set off in throngs. They wear gray clothes with a red cloth attached to their chest reading "Hengshan Mountain Pilgrimage." Holding buring incenses in hand. Those pious pilgrims chant pilgriming theme" to pray for the peace of the nation and the wealth of people, making it a really spectacular scene on the mountain.
英文导游词范文9
Oxford is a unique and historic institution. As the oldest English-speaking university in the world, it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, initiated the University's tradition of international scholarship. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a uniuersitas or corporation.
In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (students and townspeople) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of xford's colleges or endowed houses whose architectural splendour, together with the University's libraries and museums, give the city its unique character. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, were the oldest.
Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.
英文导游词范文10
the great mosque at huajue lane
the mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over moslems in xi’an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by the provincial people’s government. unlike the arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reaching into the clouds, the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the mosque here in xi’an possesses much chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to islamic mosques, this mosque also holds characteristics of chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles.
however, any further discussion about the mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of islam into china is brought up.
islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century . and was introduced to china in the mid-600s. at that time, arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of china by way of persia and afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with china. in the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through bangladesh bay and the malacca strait to china’s guangzhou, quanzhou, huangzhou, yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became moslems.
however, massive immigration of the moslems to china did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century, when genghis khan, as a result of his expedition against the west, had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from central asia to eastern europe, including the north of iran. many of the moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in china.
among the enlisted many were soldiers, and some were smiths and officials who were called the hui people in the history books on the yuan dynasty. the hui people later followed kublai khan down to the south, helping him unifying china and then establish the yuan dynasty. in the wake of the conquest, islam spread all over china and mosques began to appear everywhere. in the yuan dynasty, many moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country. and a lot of the moslems took part in zhu yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the ming dynasty. therefore, all the emperors of the dynasty issued mandates to protect islam, and to set up mosques in praise of the moslems for their feats. in the early 16th century, islam predominated qinghai on the minority nationalities including the huis, the uygurs, the kazaks, the kirgizes, the tajiks, the tartars, the ozbeks, the dong xiangs, the salars and the bonans. the moslems in xi’an are mainly the huis, being a small portion out of the ten million in china.
the mosque at hua jue lane is the largest in xi’an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in china.
according to “the stele on the building of the mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the tang dynasty. however, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the ming dynasty. the four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. the still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eaves, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years. the stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the repair work ever since the building of the mosque. on the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher mi fu, “may buddhism fill the universe”, on the other, “royal -bestowed”by dong qichang, another master of the same art of the ming dynasty. they are treasures in chinese calligraphy. at the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calculation of the hui calendars in arabic, is stored. it was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called xiao mining in the early period of the qing dynasty. a three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “retrospection tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in islamic temples in arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the moslems to come to worship. respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber and a scripture chamber, both elegantly laid out. the five wooden houses, which are called “water houses”in the southwest section of the mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services. and in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the pavilion of phoenix”, a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services. the pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. the six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. just at the back of the pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. across both ends of the platform stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once. there are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and arabic letterings. the imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of mecca, to chant in koran and to pay their religious homage.
the moslems in china share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. they worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. they are teetotalers not only of wine, but also of pork and animal blood for in koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”. according to koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. however, except a few places in xinjiang, the chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. upon his death, a moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “ke fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam reciting scriptures at the funeral.
the chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. and of course, the moslems in china enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the country.
英文导游词范文11
hello,everyone!
now our already arrived the huangshan mountain scenic ot southernregion strategic place soup mouth. first introduces the huangshanmountain scenery in here to you the survey.
huangshan mountain, is located south the chinese anhui province, isthe chinese nanling sierra the part, entire mountain areaapproximately ,200 square kilometers. the huangshan mountain mountainsystem center-section, is huangshan mountain's essence are partial,also huangshan mountain scenic ot which must tour on us, areaapproximately 54 square kilometers. it within the boundaries ofhuangshan mountain city, south neighbour she county, huizhou area,xiuning county and yi xian, north continually yellow mountainous area;these five counties, the area also all belong to the huangshanmountain city jurisdiction.
huangshan mountain in chinese tang dynasty before is called themountain, is the black appearance, because on the mountain therock blue black is blue black, the ancient gives it such name. thefable we chinese race's ancestor shaft yellow emperor in completes thearea south of yellow river to unify after industry, founds the chinesecivilization, arrives here to pick the medicine to build up dan, takesa bath in the hot ring, thus obtains enlightenment the dynasty renowned emperor ming huangli the proerous baseextremely will believe this view, (747 years) has gotten downtogether the imperial edict in day valuable six years, the mountain willchange name huangshan mountain. the meaning is, this mountain isyellow emperor's mountain. from then on, huangshan mountain this nameone until now.
the friends, you are not far thousand, even wan lidao here, must lookat huangshan mountain with own eyes the america? not is must feel atime of life to be joyful? yes, huangshan mountain is certainlybeautiful certainly beautiful, may say the day wonderful mountain, canascend a height to get a broad view it, has a look it with own eyes,truly is a life big happy event. before the very long long time, inthe long geologic history generation, the nature infinite strength,has molded the huangshan mountain that certainly beautiful elegantdemeanour and all sorts of unusual landscapes very much, makes onefall, is elated.
huangshan mountain's america, first on beautifully in its high competes xiu, feng feng expresses admiration, reectively hasthe characteristic, each charm. the huangshan mountain high peak hashow many, but also does not have an accurate numeral. in the historysuccessively names has 36 big peaks, 36 small peaks, recent years alsohad 0 famous peaks to be selected "the huangshan mountain will". thismore than 80 mountain peaks high overwhelming majority above theelevation kilometer, lotus flower peak is all highest ( ,864 meters),the light goes against is next ( ,84 meters), the day all peak rankold three ( meters), these three big peaks and the graceful bearingoutstanding beginning letter peak ( ,683 meters), are huangshanmountain's friends, even if mounts in these four high peaks, alsocalculated no empty this under, i "four certainly" separately make again huangshan mountain anintroduction.
said huangshan mountain "four certainly", arranges at first working asis the wonderful pine. yellow pinus montana wonderfully in what place?first is wonderfully in it does not have compared to obstinate
英文导游词范文12
huaqing pool is situated about 35 kilometres east of the city of xi’an. historically, the western zhou dynasty saw the construction of the li palace on the spot. in the qin dynasty a pool was built with stones, and was given the name lishan tang (the lishan hot spring). the site was extended into a palace in the han dynasty, and renamed the li palace (the resort palace). in the tang dynasty, li shimin (emperor tai zong) ordered to construct the hot spring palace, and emperor xuan zong had a walled palace built around lishan mountain in the year of 747. it was known as the huaqing palace. it also had the name huaqing pool on account of its location on the hot springs.
huaqing pool is located at the foot of the lishan mountain, a branch range of the qinling ranges, and stands 1,256 metres high. it is covered with pines and cypresses, looking very much like a like a dark green galloping horse from a long distance. so it has the name of the lishan mountain (li means a black horse).
the tang dynasty emperor xuan zong and his favourite lady, yang gui fei used to make their home at frost drifting hall in winter days. when winter came, snowflakes were floating in the air, and everything in sight was white. however, they came into thaw immediately in front of the hall. it owed a great deal to the luke warm vapour rising out of the hot spring. this is the frost drifting hall that greets us today.
英文导游词范文13
In the north of China, there lies a 6,700-kilometer-long (4,161-mile-long)ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at theJiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass ofHebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the GreatWall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.
Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took placefollowing along the construction, and since that time these stories have spreadaround the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, suchas Meng Jiangnu‘s story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu‘sstory is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the GreatWall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC).
It tells of how Meng Jiangnu‘s bitter weeping made a section of the GreatWall collapse. Meng Jiangnu‘s husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federalofficials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from himafter his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the timeshe reached the great wall, she discovered that her husband had already the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of apart of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is theproduction of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.
Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhanin the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. Hecalculated that it would need 99,999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. Thesupervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even onebrick,then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for threeyears.
After the completion of the project,one brick was left behind the Xiwongcity gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready topunish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was putthere by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause thecollapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It canstill be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.
In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of theGreat Wall,there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famousone is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the WesternZhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si,who wasvery pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never smiled.
An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire wouldfrighten the King‘s subjects, and might make the queen smile. King You liked theidea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to askfor help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once , King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.
Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep aliveChinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the GreatWall, many more stories were created and spread.
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